Chapter 6 Definitions

Question 1

a set of beliefs that attribute a spirit or soul to natural phenomena and inanimate objects

Answer 1

Animism

Question 2

(a hierarchical social rank, based solely on birth, to which an individual belongs for life and that limits interaction with members of other castes; an element of Hindu society

Answer 2

Caste System

Question 3

a pidgin language that assumes the status of a native language (mother tongue) for a group

Answer 3

Creole

Question 4

changes in technology, organization, and ideology that permit sound relationships to develop between humans and their physical environments

Answer 4

Cultural Adaptation

Question 5

areas having a degree of homogeneity in cultural characteristics; areas with similar cultural landscapes

Answer 5

cultural regions

Question 6

a religion, usually of narrow geographic scope, that is tied to a particular ethnic or tribal group and does not actively seen converts; examples include Hinduism, Judaism, Shinto, Taoism and Confucianism

Answer 6

ethnic religions

Question 7

a name given to a place (or group of people) by a group other than the people to whom the name refers (or who are not native to the territory within which the place is situated)

Answer 7

Exonyms

Question 8

a concept based on the likely importance of the initial occupancy of an area in determining later landscapes

Answer 8

first effective settlement

Question 9

a form of human association based on loyalty, informality and personal contact; assumed to be characteristic of traditional rural village communities

Answer 9

Gemeinschaft

Question 10

a form of human association based on rationality, formality, depersonalization and anonymity; assumed to be characteristic of people in urban communities

Answer 10

Gesellschaft

Question 11

a cultural region especially closely associated with a particular cultural group; the term usually suggests a strong emotional attachment to place

Answer 11

homeland

Question 12

a system of communication that has mutually agreed-upon spoken and (usually) written forms

Answer 12

language

Question 13

a group of closely related languages derived from a common but distant ancestor

Answer 13

language families

Question 14

an existing language that is used as a common means of communication between different language groups

Answer 14

lingua franca

Question 15

a language spoken by a minority group in a country in which the majority of the population speaks another language; may or may not be an official language

Answer 15

minority languages

Question 16

a religion which adherents worship a single god

Answer 16

monotheistic religion

Question 17

a country in which more than one language is spoken, in either official or popular use

Answer 17

multilingual states

Question 18

the expression of belonging to and self-identifying with a nation (a cultural group); goes along with a belief that a nation has the right to determine its own affairs; the belief that a nation and a state should be congruent

Answer 18

nationalism

Question 19

a composite language, consisting of vocabulary from two or more languages, designed to facilitate communication and commerce between different language groups; typically has a limited vocabulary

Answer 19

pidgin

Question 20

a religion in which adherents worship more than one God (often many)

Answer 20

polytheistic

Question 21

a social system involving a set of beliefs and practices through which people make sense of the universe and their place in it

Answer 21

religion

Question 22

the effective ties that people have with particular places and landscapes; literally, a love of place

Answer 22

topophilia

Question 23

the feelings of dislike, anxiety, fear, or suffering associated with particular places and landscapes

Answer 23

topophobia

Question 24

a religion of broad geographic scope that expands and diffused through the active conversion of new members (via proselytizing); examples include Christianity, Islam and Buddhism

Answer 24

universalizing religions