!Chapter 4: Demographics and Stuff

Question 1

the maximum population that can be supported by a given set of resources and a given level of technology

Answer 1

Carrying capacity

Question 2

the periodic enumeration of all individuals and collection of demographic and other data in a given country at a particular point in time (commonly every 5 or 10 years)

Answer 2

Census

Question 3

a disease that is long-lasting and results from a gradual
degeneration of the body; this type of disease is more common today than in the past as a
result of longer life expectancy

Answer 3

Degenerative disease

Question 4

The number of years required for the population of an area to double its present size, given the current rate of population growth.

Answer 4

Doubling time

Question 5

the study of human populations

Answer 5

Demographics/demography

Question 6

The historical shift of birth and death rates from high to
low levels in a population; mortality declines before fertility, resulting in substantial
population increase during the transition phase.

Answer 6

demographic transition (model)

Question 7

the process of migration from a country

Answer 7

Emigration

Question 8

A rapid increase (beyond what is normal) of relatively short duration in the
number of cases of a disease within a population

Answer 8

Epidemic

Question 9

A transition in the dominant causes of death in a population over time, typically exemplified by a relative decline in infectious diseases and an increase in degenerative or chronic diseases

Answer 9

Epidemiological transition

Question 10

The study of the incidence, distribution, and control of disease in human populations

Answer 10

Epidemiology

Question 11

a biological term for the potential capability of having children; refers to potential rather than actual number of live births

Answer 11

Fecundity

Question 12

a population’s natural capability of having children; also used to refer to the actual number of live births produced by an individual in their lifetime

Answer 12

Fertility

Question 13

shift from high rates of fertility and mortality that characterized most of human history to low rates of fertility and mortality that prevail in industrialized countries and increasingly in the developing world

Answer 13

Fertility transition model

Question 14

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being; not merely the absence of disease

Answer 14

Health

Question 15

The maintenance or improvement of human health through prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of physical or mental illness or injury

Answer 15

Health care

Question 16

the process of migration TO a country

Answer 16

Immigration

Question 17

a disease that spreads from human to human via bacteria or viruses; sometimes referred to as communicable disease

Answer 17

Infectious disease

Question 18

the process of change experienced by individuals over their lifespans; often divided into stages (such as childhood, adolescence, adulthood, old age), each of which is associated with particular forms of behaviour

Answer 18

Life cycle

Question 19

a view that argues that both the world population and world economy will collapse because of insufficient available natural resources

Answer 19

Limits to Growth

Question 20

the long-term or permanent relocation of an individual or group of people from one area to another

Answer 20

Migration

Question 21

deaths as a component of population change

Answer 21

Mortality

Question 22

An outbreak of disease that is of greater scope and scale (a whole country or region or even the world) than an epidemic

Answer 22

Pandemic

Question 23

population per unit of cultivable (arable) land

Answer 23

Physiological density

Question 24

A process in which the proportion of elderly people in a population increases and the proportion of younger people decreases, resulting in an increased median age of the population.

Answer 24

Population aging

Question 25

the tendency for population growth to continue beyond the time that replacement-level fertility has been reached because of the relatively high number of people in the child-bearing years

Answer 25

Population momentum

Question 26

a diagrammatic representation of the age and sex composition of a population

Answer 26

Population pyramid

Question 27

the level of fertility at which a population exactly replaces itself from one generation to the next; each couple has just enough children to replace themselves

Answer 27

Replacement-level fertility

Question 28

the number of males per 100 females in a population

Answer 28

Sex ratio

Question 29

form of labour that is controlled through compulsion and is not remunerated (paid)

Answer 29

Slavery

Question 30

a set of interconnected statements or a system of ideas that is intended to explain something

Answer 30

Theory