Chapter 7 Definitions

Question 1

the process by which an ethnic group is absorbed into a larger society while retaining aspect of distinct identity

Answer 1

Acculturation

Question 2

the South African policy by which groups of people, as defined by the authorities, were spatially separated between 1948-1994

Answer 2

Apartheid

Question 3

the process by which an ethnic group is absorbed into a larger society and loses its own identity

Answer 3

Assimilation

Question 4

a process of movement from one location to another through time, sustained by social links of kinship or friendship; often results in distinct areas of ethnic settlement in rural or urban areas

Answer 4

chain migration

Question 5

a collection of ideas and practices concerned with challenging inequalities as these are evident in landscape

Answer 5

critical geography

Question 6

tourism that is generally more environmentally suitable and often focuses on providing tourists with experiences that are within distinctive, and often threatened, natural environments; sometimes efforts are made to help support ecosystem conservation

Answer 6

ecotourism

Question 7

a group whose members perceive themselves as different from others because of a common ancestry and shared culture

Answer 7

ethnic group

Question 8

a socially constructed system of affiliation, or identity, with a group of people arising from a common ancestry, culture, or both; contributes to social belonging and exclusion

Answer 8

ethnicity

Question 9

the movement for and advocacy of equal rights for women and men; a commitment to improve the relative position of women in society

Answer 9

feminism

Question 10

the practices, attitudes, beliefs, traits and preferences held by a small but cohesive group of people; often viewed as traditional, homogeneous, and on the margins of society

Answer 10

folk culture

Question 11

the socially constructed differences between men and women, as contrasted to the biological and anatomical differences between the sexes; gendered differences, such as masculinity and femininity, vary greatly over time

Answer 11

gender

Question 12

the organized and systematic effort of destroying a racial, ethnic, religious, linguistic, or other minority group through violence (killing), persecution (cultural genocide), or both

Answer 12

genocide

Question 13

a residential district in an urban area with a concentration of a particular ethnic group

Answer 13

ghetto

Question 14

a social condition in which members of a society interpret their interests in terms of the world view of a dominant group

Answer 14

hegemony

Question 15

the description and interpretation of visual images, including landscape, in order to uncover their symbolic meanings; the identity of a region as expressed through symbols

Answer 15

iconography

Question 16

the descendants of those who inhabited the present territory of a country, wholly or partially, prior to colonization and who were subsequently overcome, by conquest, settlement or other means; sometimes referred to as aboriginal

Answer 16

indigenous

Question 17

the setting or context for social interaction; a term that has become popular in human geography as an alternative to place

Answer 17

locales

Question 18

a policy that endorses the right of ethnic groups to remain distinct rather than to be assimilated into a dominant society

Answer 18

multiculturalism

Question 19

an intense favouring of the rights of native-born inhabitants over those who are foreign born (immigrants)

Answer 19

nativism

Question 20

a social system in which men dominate, oppress and exploit women

Answer 20

patriarchal

Question 21

the practices, attitudes, beliefs, traits, and preferences held in common by large numbers of people who are otherwise heterogeneous and considered to b ethe mainstream of society; includes aspects of fashion, music, food, recreation, use of technology, etc.

Answer 21

popular culture

Question 22

the capacity to affect outcomes; more specifically, the ability to dominate others by means of violence, force, manipulation, or authority

Answer 22

power

Question 23

a subspecies; a physically distinguishable population within a species; in the context of humans, an entirely socially constructed concept as there are no genetically distinct subspecies of humans

Answer 23

races

Question 24

a particular form of prejudice that attributes characteristics of superiority or inferiority to a group of people who share some physically inherited characteristics

Answer 24

racism

Question 25

a depiction of the world; all such depictions are subjective in the sense that they are affected by the identity of the person making them

Answer 25

representations

Question 26

attitudes or beliefs that serve to justify sexual inequalities by incorrectly attributing or denying certain capabilities either to women or to men

Answer 26

sexism

Question 27

a component of personal and social identity, connected to one’s sexual orientation, preferences and practices

Answer 27

sexuality

Question 28

a structured system of human organization in which members of a cultural group live; provides protection, continuity, security and an identity for its members

Answer 28

society

Question 29

a group of organisms able to produce fertile offspring among themselves but not with any other group

Answer 29

species

Question 30

places and events that are carefully constructed for the purposes of mass leisure and consumption

Answer 30

spectacles

Question 31

an approach to human geography that documents and explains social and spatial variations; issues of injustice and inequality are often of paramount importance

Answer 31

welfare geography

Question 32

the individual or collective state of health, happiness, and prosperity; synonymous with welfare

Answer 32

well-being