Textbook - Chapter 15: Predation

Question 1

Aggregative Response

Answer 1

Movement of predators into areas of high prey density

Question 2

Behavioral defenses

Answer 2

Aggressive and submissive postures or actions that threaten or deter enemies

Question 3

Batesian mimicry

Answer 3

Resemblance of a palatable or harmless species, the mimic, to an unpalatable or dangerous species, the model

Question 4

Chemical defense

Answer 4

The use by organisms of bitter, distasteful, or toxic secretions that deter potential enemies

Question 5

Constitutive defense

Answer 5

Fixed feature of an organism such as object resemblance that deters predators

Question 6

Cryptic coloration

Answer 6

Coloration of organisms that makes them resemble or blend into their habitat or blackground

Question 7

Flashing coloration

Answer 7

Hidden markings on animals that, when quickly exposed, startle or divert the attention of a potential predator

Question 8

Functional response

Answer 8

Change in rate of exploitation of a prey species by a predator in relation the changing prey density

Question 9

Induced defense

Answer 9

Defense response brought about or induced by the presence of action of a predtor; for example, alarm pheromones

Question 10

Marginal value theorem

Answer 10

Predicts the length of time an individual should stay in a resource patch before leaving and seeking another

Question 11

Mullerian mimicry

Answer 11

When many unpalatable or venomous species share a similar color patten

Question 12

Numerical response

Answer 12

Change in size of a population of predators in response to change in density of its prey

Question 13

Object resemblance

Answer 13

A prey species assumes the appearance of some feature in the environment such as a leaf, to avoid detection

Question 14

Optimal foraging theory

Answer 14

Tendency of animals to harvest food efficiently selecting food sizes or food patches that supply maximum food intake for energy expended

Question 15

Protective armor

Answer 15

Hard outer covering of an animal body, such as shells of turtles and spines of porcupines, that deters or makes the owner somewhat invulnerable to most enemies

Question 16

Predator satiation

Answer 16

A predator defense mechanism involving the physiological timing of reproduction by a prey species, plant or animal, to produce a maximum number of seeds or young within a short period more than predators can possibly consume, thus allowing a greater percentage of offspring to escape

Question 17

Predator defenses

Answer 17

Evolved characteristics that help prey avoid detection or capture

Question 18

Qualitative inhibitors

Answer 18

The secondary compounds that function as defenses against herbivory that are present in small to minute quantities

Question 19

Quantitative inhibitors

Answer 19

The secondary compounds that are produced by the plant in large quantities

Question 20

Search image

Answer 20

Mental image formed in predators, enabling them to find prey more quickly and to concentrate on a common type of prey

Question 21

Secondary compounds

Answer 21

Chemicals that are not involved in the basic metabolism of plant cells

Question 22

Switching

Answer 22

Changing the diet from a less abundant to a more abundant prey species

Question 23

Typical function response

Answer 23

Rate of prey consumed; slow at first and then increasing in an S-shaped fashion as the rate of predation reaches a maximum

Question 24

Type II functional response

Answer 24

Per capita rate of predation increase in a decelerating fashion only up to a maximum rate that is attained at some high prey density

Question 25

Type I functional response

Answer 25

Rate of prey mortality due to predation is constant a function of the efficiency of predators

Question 26

Warning coloration

Answer 26

Conspicuous color or markings on an animal that serve to discourage potential predators