Lecture - Chapter 1: Ecology

Question 1

Darwin

Answer 1

The origin of Species (1859)
Natural selection
Importance of biotic interactions and abiotic processes

Question 2

Ernst Haeckel’s

Answer 2

oekologie

Question 3

Ellen Swallow Richards (1842-1911)

Answer 3

Ecology

Question 4

Ecology is

Answer 4

A subdiscipline of biology. it is multidisciplinary; often involves other sciences. Study of interactions between organisms and their environment

Question 5

abiotic

Answer 5

nonliving/inorganic/physical

Question 6

biotic

Answer 6

living / organic components

Question 7

ecological research focuses on

Answer 7

explaining the abundance and distribution of organisms. the behavior of organisms is also the topic of much research - what do they do, why they do it and how

Question 8

environmentalism

Answer 8

activism for proecting nature

Question 9

environmentalist

Answer 9

self declared label with no qualifications

Question 10

ecologist

Answer 10

qualified scientist with advanced degrees and publications in peer reviewed journals.

Question 11

Levels of ecological organization

Answer 11

individual - population - community - ecosystem - biome - biosphere

Question 12

Individual organism

Answer 12

Alive, has metabolism, can grow survive and reproduce.

Question 13

metabolism

Answer 13

all chemical reactions that sustain life, e.g. photosynthesis, respiration

Question 14

Population

Answer 14

a group of organism of the same species, that interact at the same time and place

Question 15

ecosystem

Answer 15

an energy driven complex of a community (biotic) and its physical environment (abiotic). Conerned with energy and nutrient cycles. Self-sustaining

Question 16

Biome

Answer 16

A group of similar ecosystems. it is one of the main ecosystem types defined by teh corresponding vegetation type. Defined by the main vegetation type of the dominant ecosystem.

Question 17

Biosphere

Answer 17

All biomes collectively. Thin shell of the planet that sustains life. The biosphere extends deep into the earth such as bacterial communities in extreme, inhospitable environments.

Question 18

Scientific method

Answer 18

For hypothesis based on observations, use it to generate predictions. Test them. Modify based on results.

Question 19

Data analysis

Answer 19

Interprets test results

Question 20

Graphs

Answer 20

visual display of ecological data.

Question 21

scatter plot

Answer 21

early stages of analysis

Question 22

histogram

Answer 22

frequency distribution data