Lab Questions

Question 1

Chemistry

Answer 1

The study of matter.

Question 2

Matter

Answer 2

1. Take up space and 2. have mass. (note: energy has mass)

Question 3

Genome

Answer 3

Collective term for all the DNA in a cell.

Question 4

Chromosomes

Answer 4

Humans have 23 pairs (having a total of 46).

Question 5

Alleles

Answer 5

Alternatives in DNA (ex. siblings are not identical).

Question 6

Phenotype

Answer 6

The physical manifestation of Alleles.

Question 7

Genotype

Answer 7

Genetic constitution of an organism.

Question 8

Heterozygous

Answer 8

Containing 2 different alleles of a gene, one from each parent, at the corresponding loci (location) of a pair of chromosomes. (ex. Ee; eE)

Question 9

Homozygous

Answer 9

Containing 2 identical alleles of a gene at the corresponding loci (location) of a pair of chromosomes (ex. EE; ee). There is Homozygous Dominant and Recessive.

Question 10

Punnet Square

Answer 10

a 4-square box chart used to determine alleles of offspring.

Question 11

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

Answer 11

states that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of other evolutionary influences that could disrupt the equilibrium.

Question 12

Small Populations: Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Answer 12

Small population size can cause a random change in allele frequencies. This is due to a sampling effect, and is called genetic drift. Sampling effects are most important when the allele is present in a small number of copies.

Question 13

Migration: Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Answer 13

The movement of individuals between local populations, whereas gene flow is the movement of genes between populations.

Question 14

Mutation: Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Answer 14

Mutation is the ultimate source of genetic variation that natural selection acts upon. They are heritable changes in a gene or a chromosome.

Question 15

Natural Selection: Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Answer 15

Acts directly on phenotype. It causes allele frequencies to change, often quite rapidly. It could possibly lead to the loss of all alleles except the favored one.

Question 16

Non-random Mating: Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Answer 16

Alleles frequency consistency is based on random chance, so, as the name would suggest, non-random mating disrupts it.

Question 17

Diffusion

Answer 17

Moving from high concentration to low concentration

Question 18

Osmosis

Answer 18

Movement of water molecules from a high concentration of water (low concentration of solute [hypotonic]) to a lower concentration of water (higher concentration of solute [hypertonic]).

Question 19

Organic Substances

Answer 19

Anything that contains Carbon-Hydrogen bonds (ex. methane CH4).

Question 20

Photosynthesis

Answer 20

A process in which light, carbon, and water are taken in by plants and other autotrophic organisms and used to produce glucose and oxygen.
(6CO2 + 6H2O –light–> C6H12O6 + 6O2)

Question 21

Population

Answer 21

Any group of individuals of the same species living in the same place, at the same time.

Question 22

Sample

Answer 22

A representing fraction of the population. (Sampling Error occurs when your sample does not properly represent the population).

Question 23

Carrying Capacity

Answer 23

The number of individuals that the space they live on can support.

Question 24

Benedict’s solution

Answer 24

Blue solution that test for ‘glucose’

Indicator: the blue color will turn red, orange, or brown when placed in a hot water bath for about 3 minutes.

Question 25

Iodine

Answer 25

Tests for starch
Indicator: the yellow/brown solution will react with starch and turn dark blue or black; used to see production of starch on a leaf after photosynthesis

Question 26

Sudan red stain

Answer 26

Test for lipids (which is found in oil)
Indicator: in the presence of lipids, Sudan red exhibits a characteristic red color reaction. It stains the oil and separates with it from the water in the experiment.

Question 27

Biuret reagents

Answer 27

Test for proteins

Indicator: bluish color changes to violet/pink in the present of proteins