Lab - Population Genetics

Question 1

Polymorphic population

Answer 1

Because genetic differences among individuals create more than one common local phenotype.

Question 2

genome

Answer 2

A set of genetic instructions. In multicellular species, the genome is replicated in every cell, encoded by the DNA in each cell’s nucleus

Question 3

Diploid organisms

Answer 3

Have two sets of chromosomes, one set inherited from each parent

Question 4

Homologous pair

Answer 4

Two chromosomes carrying copies of the same gene

Question 5

Gammetes

Answer 5

When cell division (meiosis) occurs and the homologous chromosomes become separate hapoloid pirs. Gametes are the sex cells, either sperm or eggs.

Question 6

Locus

Answer 6

The predictable place on a particular chromosome of a given plant species

Question 7

Alleles

Answer 7

When a gene comes in more than one form at a locus

Question 8

Genotype

Answer 8

The genes a plant carries for a trait [CC, Ce etc]

Question 9

Phenotype

Answer 9

The expression of the genes that is visible [hair color etc]

Question 10

Homozygous

Answer 10

Two copies of the same allele

Question 11

Heterozygous

Answer 11

One of each allele

Question 12

Dominant allele

Answer 12

The instructions of a genetic trait that override the recessive allele. it is still present but it is masked phenotypically.

Question 13

Stochastic process

Answer 13

Some of the mechanisms controlling the inheritance of genes follow predictable laws, but others operate in a random fashion.

Question 14

Product Rule (Calculating joint occurance of two independent events)

Answer 14

F(A and B) = f(A) * f(B)

F(A and B) = frequency of both events happening together
f(A) = frequency of event A
f(B) = frequency of event B

Question 15

Sum Rule (Calculating the frequency of either event A or event B)

Answer 15

f(A or B) = f(a)+ f(b) - f(a and b)

f(a or b) = frequency of either one event or the other occuring
f(A) = frequency of event A
f(B) = frequency of event B
F(A and B) = frequency of both events happening together

Question 16

The Hardy Weinberg Calculation

Answer 16

p+q = 1
f(RR) = p^2    f(Rr) = 2pq      f(rr) = g^2
p^2+2pq+q^2 = 1

Question 17

The Hardy Weingberg formula as a neutral model.

Answer 17

It shows what toe xpect if no bioligical forces are changing gene frequencies in the population.

Question 18

Evolution

Answer 18

changes in a population’s genetic makeup over time, happens constnatly

Question 19

Biological factors that can push gene frequencies OUT OF HARDY-WEINBERG EQUILIBRIUM

Answer 19

Small population size, non-random meeting, immigration or emigration, mutation, natural selection