Tetracyclines Flashcards

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1
Q

Give 3 examples of tetracyclines

A
  • Doxycycline
  • Tigecycline
  • Tetracycline
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2
Q

What is the mechanism of action of tetracyclines?

A

They bind to the 30s ribosomal subunit to prevent tRNA binding, which inhibits bacterial protein synthesis

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3
Q

Are tetracyclines broad or narrow spectrum?

A

Broad

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4
Q

What are tetracyclines effective against?

A

Gram +ve and -ve bacteria

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5
Q

What are the routes of delivery of tetracyclines?

A

PO

IV

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6
Q

What are the indications for tetracyclines?

A
  • Acute exacerbation of COPD
  • Intra-abdominal sepsis
  • Acne
  • Malaria
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7
Q

Who are tetracyclines contraindicated in?

A
  • Children under 12

- Pregnant or breastfeeding women

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8
Q

Why are tetracyclines contraindicated in children under 12 and pregnant/breastfeeding women?

A

Because they interfere with calcium metabolism

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9
Q

Who should tetracyclines be avoided in?

A

Those with hepatic or renal impairment

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10
Q

What should be monitored with tetracyclines?

A
  • WCC
  • CRP
  • Patient’s clinical state
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11
Q

Why should WCC, CRP, and the patients clinical state be monitored with tetracyclines?

A

To look for signs of improvement

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12
Q

What drugs might tetracyclines interact with?

A
  • Warfarin

- Antacids and milk

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13
Q

What might happen if warfarin is given with tetracyclines?

A

Increased anticoagulant effect

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14
Q

What might happen if warfarin is given with antacids and milk?

A

Reduced tetracycline absorption

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15
Q

What are the potential side effects of tetracyclines?

A
  • GI disturbance
  • Tooth staining
  • Hepatotoxicity
  • Teratogenicity
  • Antibiotic associated colitis
  • Headache
  • Visual disturbance
  • Benign intracranial hypertension
  • Bulging fontanelles in infants
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16
Q

What patient counselling is required with tetracyclines?

A
  • Complete antibiotic course
  • Stained teeth
  • Milk and antacids
17
Q

What counselling is required regarding stained teeth with tetracyclines?

A

Warn that the drug can cause dental staining , and should be avoided in children

18
Q

What counselling is required regarding milk and antacids and tetracyclines?

A

Inform patients not to take tetracyclines at the same time as taking antacids or drinking milk