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Chemistry GCSE > Tests For Anions And Cations (2) > Flashcards

Tests For Anions And Cations (2) Flashcards

1
Q

To find Cations you can use _________ tests

A

Flame

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2
Q

Lithium burns with a ______ flame

A

Red

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3
Q

Sodium burns with a _________-_________ flame

A

Yellow-orange

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4
Q

Potassium burns with a _________ flame

A

Lilac

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5
Q

Calcium burns with a ________ _____ flame

A

Brick red

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6
Q

To do a flame test you need to clean the wire by dipping it in some dilute __________________ ______ and holding it in a flame. Then when it shows no ___________, it is clean and you can dip it into the sample (E.g Lithium) and it will show a colour

A

Hydrochloric acid

Colour

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7
Q

Some metals form a coloured precipitate with ________

A

NaOH

Sodium Hydroxide

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8
Q

Many metal hydroxides are insoluble and precipitate out of solution when formed. Some of these hydroxides have a characteristic colour. So in this test you add a few drops of ___________ _______________ solution to the solution of your unknown compound - in the hope of forming an insoluble _____________. If you get a colour then you can tell which metal was in the compound

A

Sodium hydroxide

Insoluble hydroxide

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9
Q

If the colour of the precipitate is blue then what is the metal ion

A

Copper (||)

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10
Q

If the colour of the precipitate is sludgy green then what is the metal ion

A

Iron (||) 2

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11
Q

If the colour of the precipitate is reddish brown then what is the metal ion

A

Iron (|||) 3

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12
Q

Equation/ionic reaction of cu2+ and NaOH

A

Cu2+ (aq) + 2OH- (aq) → Cu(OH)2 (s)

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13
Q

Equation/ionic reaction of Fe2+ and NaOH

A

Fe2+ (aq)+ 2OH- (aq) → Fe(OH)2 (s)

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14
Q

Equation/ionic reaction of Fe3+ and NaOH

A

Fe3+ (aq) + 3OH- (aq) → Fe(OH)3 (s)

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15
Q

An _____________ compound + NaOH gives off Ammonia which does not smell good

A

Ammonium

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16
Q

How to test for ammonia gas

A

By using a damp piece of red litmus paper that will turn blue if ammonia is present

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17
Q

Add some sodium hydroxide to your mystery substance in a test tube If there’s ammonia given off this means there are ______________ ions in your mystery substance.

A

Ammonium

18
Q

Hydrochloric acid can help detect ____________ which are anions

A

Carbonates

19
Q

To test for carbonates, add dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) to your test sample. If carbonates are present then __________ __________ will be released

A

Carbon dioxide

20
Q

Test for carbon dioxide:

A

Limewater will go milky

21
Q

How do you test for sulfates? What appears to show that the original compound was a sulfate

A

Hydrochloric acid followed by barium chloride

White precipitate

22
Q

Why is hydrochloric acid added to the ‘test for sulfates’ experiment

A

To clean out any carbonate or sulfite ions

23
Q

To test for halides (chloride, bromide or iodide ions,) add dilute __________ acid, followed by ____________ ____________ solution

A

Nitric

Silver nitrate solution

24
Q

What do you use to test for chloride ions and what will be formed? A chloride ion gives a __________ precipitate of silver chloride

A

Nitric acid followed by silver nitrate solution

White

25
Q

What do you use to test for bromide ions and what will be formed? A bromide ion gives a __________ precipitate of silver bromide

A

Nitric acid followed by silver nitrate solution

Cream

26
Q

What do you use to test for iodide ions and what will be formed? An iodide ion gives a ___________ precipitate of silver iodide

A

Nitric acid followed by silver nitrate solution

Yellow

27
Q

Why is nitric acid added to the ‘test for halides’ experiment

A

To clean out any carbonates or sulfite ions

28
Q

What are flame tests used to identify

A

Metal ions (Lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium)

29
Q

What is sodium hydroxide used to identify

A

Metal ions (Copper and iron)

30
Q

How can you use NaOH to test for ammonia

A

After adding the NaOH, check to see if it turns damp red litmus paper blue

31
Q

What is hydrochloric acid used to test for

A

Carbonates

32
Q

What is HCI and Barium chloride used to test for

A

Sulfates

33
Q

What can you test for by adding dilute nitric acid followed by silver nitrate solutions (AgNO3)

A

Halides

34
Q

How to test for Lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium

A

Flame tests

35
Q

How to test for Copper and iron

A

Add sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and see the colour of precipitate

36
Q

How to test for ammonia

A

Add sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and then see if it turns damp red litmus paper blue

37
Q

How to test for carbonates

A

Add dilute hydrochloric acid to your test sample

38
Q

How to test for sulfates

A

Dilute HCI followed by barium chloride solution

39
Q

How to test for halides

A

Nitric acid (HNO3) followed by silver nitrate solution

40
Q

Hydrochloric acid and nitric acid are both used to clean out any traces of carbonates or sulfite ions - which is used for which experiment?

A

Hydrochloric acid is used to test for sulfates

Nitric acid is used to test for halides

Chemistry GCSE (28 decks)

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