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Chemistry GCSE > Chemistry In Industry (5) > Flashcards

Chemistry In Industry (5) Flashcards

1
Q

Most metals can’t be found as pure lumps. You have to __________ them from a ___________

A

Extract

Compound

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2
Q

Most metals are found in ________

A

Ores

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3
Q

Metals that are unreactive don’t tend to form ____________ with other elements

A

Compounds

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4
Q

Unreactive metals such as _______ are found uncombined

A

Gold

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5
Q

Most metals do react with other elements to form ______________, which can be found naturally in the Earth’s __________

A

Compounds

Crust

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6
Q

If a compound contains enough of the metal to make it worthwhile extracting, the compound is called a metal _____

A

Ore

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7
Q

There are _____________ amounts of metals ores - they’re finite resources

A

Limited

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8
Q

The more reactive a metal is, the ___________ it is to extract it from a compound

A

Harder

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9
Q

Metals often have to be separated from their _________

A

Oxides

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10
Q

Lots of common metals, like iron and aluminium, react with oxygen to form ___________

A

Oxides

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11
Q

Oxides are often like the ______ that the metals need to be extracted from

A

Ores

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12
Q

A reaction that separates a metal from the oxygen in its oxide is called a ___________ reaction

A

Reduction

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13
Q

In a reduction reaction, what is the substance that reduces the metal (and is oxidised) called

A

A reducing agent

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14
Q

What is the most common type of reduction reaction

A

Using carbon as a reducing agent to separate the oxygen from the metal. But metals can’t be used for all metals

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15
Q

How are metals which are lower in the reactivity series than carbon extracted

A

With carbon
This is done by heating the ore with carbon monoxide. Because carbon takes the oxygen away from metals which are less reactive than itself.

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16
Q

________ reactive elements form compounds more readily

A

More

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17
Q

Very reactive metals form very __________ ores. I.e it’s difficult to get the metal out of the compound

A

Stable

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18
Q

Metals that are more reactive than carbon have to be extracted using ______________

A

Electrolysis

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19
Q

Aluminium is more reactive than carbon so it has to be extracted from its ore using ________________

A

Electrolysis

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20
Q

Aluminium’s main ore is bauxite, after mining and purifying, a __________ powder is left. This is pure aluminium oxide ________

A

White

Al2O3

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21
Q

Al2O3 has a very high melting point so melting it would be very expensive. Instead the aluminium oxide is dissolved in molten ___________. This brings the temperature down making it easier and cheaper. The _____________ are made of graphite, a good conductor of electricity.

A

Cryolite

Electrodes

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22
Q

Electrolysis - turning ions into the ________ you want

A

Atoms

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23
Q

Molten aluminium oxide contains free ions - this means it’ll …

A

Conduct electricity

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24
Q

The positive Al3+ ions are attracted to the ____________ electrode where they ________ electrons and turn into ______________ atoms. These then sink to the bottom.

A

Negative
Gain
Aluminium

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25
Q

The negative O2- ions are attracted to the ___________ electrode where they ________ electrons. These oxygen atoms will then react together to form _____ or with the carbon anode as well to form ______

A

Positive
Lose
O2
CO2

26
Q

As the positive ___________ electrode is constantly getting worn down by oxygen, it often needs ____________

A

Carbon

Replacing

27
Q

What is a redox reaction

A

Where both reduction and oxidation take place

28
Q

Equation for the decomposition of aluminium:

A

Aluminium oxide –> Aluminium + Oxygen

29
Q

Decomposition of aluminium: Reaction at the negative electrode:

A

Al3+ + 3E- –> Al

30
Q

Decomposition of aluminium: Reaction at the positive electrode:

A

2O2- –> O2 + 4E-

31
Q

What is reduction

A

A gain of electrons

32
Q

What is oxidation

A

A loss of electrons

33
Q

Electrolysis uses a lot of _____________ which makes it expensive. Energy is also needed to _______ the electrolyte mixture. This is also expensive. The disappearing __________ electrodes need frequent replacement. This is expensive too.

A

Electricity
Heat
Positive

34
Q

Iron is extracted from haematite by __________ in a blast furnace

A

Reduction

35
Q

What are the 3 raw materials

A

Iron Ore
Coke
Limestone

36
Q

The iron ore contains the iron
The coke is almost pure ___________. This is for reducing the iron oxide to iron _________.
What does the limestone do?

A

Carbon
Iron metal
Takes away impurities in the form of slag

37
Q

Hot air is blasted into the furnace, making the ________ burn much faster than normal. This raises the temperature to about ______°C

A

Coke

1500

38
Q

The coke burns and produces what?

Equation:

A

Carbon dioxide

C + O2 –> Co2

39
Q

The Co2 then reacts with unburnt coke to form what?

Equation:

A

CO
CO2 + C –> 2CO
Carbon dioxide + carbon –> carbon monoxide

40
Q

The carbon monoxide then reduces the iron ore to what?

Equation:

A

Iron

Carbon monoxide + iron(|||) oxide –> carbon dioxide + iron

41
Q

The iron is __________ at this temperature and also very dense so it runs straight to the bottom where it’s tapped off

A

Molten

42
Q

What is the main impurity of iron

What removes it

A

Sand (Silicon dioxide)

Removed by limestone

43
Q

The limestone is decomposed by the heat into what

A

Calcium oxide and CO2

44
Q

The limestone is decomposed by the heat into calcium oxide and CO2. This calcium oxide then reacts with the sand to form what?

A

Calcium silicate, or slag which is molten and can be tapped off

45
Q

Calcium oxide reacting with calcium silicate equation:

A

CaO + Sio2 –> Casio3 (molten slag)

46
Q

Cooled slag is solid and is then used for what?

A

Road-building

Fertiliser

47
Q

Name 5 properties which iron and aluminium have in common

A 
Both dense and lustrous (shiny)
Both have high melting points
Both strong and hard to break
Both malleable
Both good conductors of electricity and heat energy too
48
Q

Adding other materials to iron can change its ______________. This makes it really useful. It makes it suitable for lots of different uses

A

Properties

49
Q

Wrought iron is almost completely _______. Name its main property and use

A

Pure
Its malleable
Used to make ornamental gates and railings

50
Q

You can mix iron with other elements to make __________

A

Alloys

51
Q

Cast iron is very hard but _________.

What is it a mixture of?

A

Brittle

Iron, carbon and silicon

52
Q

What is cast iron used for

A

Some cooking pans

53
Q

Steel is an alloy made of mainly ________ and __________. It is ___________ than pure iron, but it can still be hammered easily into sheets and welded together. These properties mean that steel is great for making what

A

Iron, carbon
Harder
Car bodies

54
Q

What is the main problem with iron

A

That it rusts

55
Q

Stainless steel is an alloy made of chromium that doesn’t rust. What’s it used for

A

Knives, forks and cooking pans.

56
Q

Aluminium is a typical metal. However, unlike iron, it doesn’t ___________ easily.

A

Corrode

57
Q

Aluminium reacts very ___________ with oxygen in the air to from what?
A protective layer of aluminium _________ sticks firmly to the aluminium below and stops any further __________ from taking place

A

Quickly
Aluminium oxide
Reaction

58
Q

Because aluminium doesn’t __________ it’s useful for products that come on contact with __________. E.g. drink cans - you wouldn’t want rust in your drink.

A

Corrode

Water

59
Q

Aluminium is much less dense than iron which makes it ___________. This makes it useful when weight of the metal is important, e.g. aeroplanes.

A

Lighter

60
Q

What is Casio3 the formula of

A

Molten slag

Chemistry GCSE (28 decks)

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