Crude Oil + Pollutants (5)

Question 1

Crude oil is a mixture of substances, most of which are ________________

Answer 1

Hydrocarbons

Question 2

How are the different compounds in crude oil separated

Answer 2

By fractional distillation

Question 3

How do you separate the different hydrocarbons from crude oil

Answer 3

The oil is heated until most of it is turned into gas.
The gases enter a fractionating column. The column gets cooler as you go up. When the substances that make up crude oil reach a part of the column where the temperature is lower than their boiling point they condense.

Question 4

Longer hydrocarbons have ____________ boiling points

Answer 4

Higher

Question 5

Shorter hydrocarbons have ____________ boiling points

Answer 5

Lower

Question 6

What do bubble caps do

Answer 6

Prevent the separated liquids from running back down the column and remixing

Question 7

Name the 7 fractions extracted from crude oil

Answer 7

Really Gassy Nerds Keep Digging Fat Burrows

Refinery gases
Gasoline
Naphtha
Kerosene
Diesel
Fuel oil
Bitumen

Question 8

Uses of: Refinery gases

Answer 8

Heating

Question 9

Uses of: Gasoline

Answer 9

Fuel for cars

Question 10

Uses of: Naphtha

Answer 10

Drugs

Plastics

Question 11

Uses of: Kerosene

Answer 11

Jet engines

Question 12

Uses of: Diesel

Answer 12

Fuel for diesel engines: cars, trucks, trains, boats

Question 13

Uses of: Fuel oil

Answer 13

Central heating

Question 14

Uses of: Bitumen

Answer 14

Road surfacing

Question 15

Fractional distillation is a _____________ process meaning that there are no chemical reactions

Answer 15

Physical

Question 16

Burning fuels can produce ___________

Answer 16

Pollutants

Question 17

3 examples of pollutants:

Answer 17

Carbon monoxides
Nitrogen oxides
Sulfur dioxides

Question 18

What is carbon monoxide produced by

Answer 18

Incomplete combustion

Question 19

Carbon monoxide is formed when hydrocarbon fuels are burnt without enough ____________ - this is called…

Answer 19

Oxygen

Incomplete combustion

Question 20

What does carbon monoxide do to the human body

Answer 20

It combines with haemoglobin in blood cells and the body suffocates, this can lead to death.

Question 21

What are sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides produced by

Answer 21

Burning fuel

Question 22

Sulfur dioxide comes from ___________ impurities in fossil fuels

Answer 22

Sulfur

Question 23

Nitrogen oxides are created when the temperature is high enough for the nitrogen and oxygen in the air to __________

Answer 23

React

Question 24

What is acid rain caused by

Answer 24

Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides

Question 25

Acid rain can be __________ acid or ________ acid

Answer 25

Sulfuric

Nitric

Question 26

Why is acid rain bad

Answer 26

It causes lakes to become acidic so plants and animals die

It kills trees and damages limestone buildings and ruins stone statues.