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Chemistry GCSE > Organic Chemistry (3) > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry (3) Flashcards

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1
Q

All alkanes are ______________

A

Hydrocarbons

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2
Q

What are hydrocarbons

A

Molecules that are made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms only

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3
Q

Alkanes are chains of ___________ atoms surrounded by ______________ atoms

A

Carbon

Hydrogen

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4
Q

Different alkanes have chains of different __________

A

Lengths

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5
Q

What are the first 5 alkanes

A

Must Every Prefect be Perfect

Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Pentane
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6
Q

What is the formula of an alkane

A

Cn H2n+2

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7
Q

What is a homologous series

A

A group of compounds that can all be represented by the same general formula

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8
Q

What does biodegradable mean

A

Capable of being decomposed by bacteria or other living organisms and thereby avoiding pollution.

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9
Q

Most polymers, including poly(ethene) and poly(propene), are not ________________

A

Biodegradable

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10
Q

What does saturated mean

A

Containing the greatest possible number of hydrogen atoms, without carbon–carbon double or triple bonds.

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11
Q

When there is lots of oxygen, ____________ combustion occurs

A

Complete

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12
Q

Complete combustion: Alkane + oxygen → _________ __________ + ___________

A

Carbon dioxide + water

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13
Q

What is produced when an alkane is burnt

A

Carbon dioxide and water

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14
Q

Incomplete combustion: Alkane + oxygen → …

A

Alkane + oxygen → carbon + carbon monoxide + carbon dioxide + water

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15
Q

Incomplete combustion means a _________ ___________ flame, and ________ energy than complete combustion

A

Smoky yellow flame

Less

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16
Q

Halogens react with alkanes to make _____________

A

Haloalkanes

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17
Q

_____________ and bromine react with alkenes in the presence of ____ light

A

Chlorine

UV (Ultraviolet)

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18
Q

In haloalkane reactions, a hydrogen atom from the alkane is substituted (replaced) by _____________ or ___________ and there will also be an extra hydrogen ___________ or hydrogen ___________ molecule.

A

Chlorine or bromine

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19
Q

Alkenes are another type of _____________

A

Hydrocarbon

20
Q

How are alkenes different to alkanes

A

Alkenes contain double bonds whereas alkanes don’t

21
Q

____________ are unsaturated

A

Alkenes

22
Q

What are the first three alkenes

A

Every Penguin Burps

Ethene
Propene
Butene

23
Q

Why is methene not a thing

A

Because methane cannot have a double bond since there is only 1 carbon

24
Q

Halogens can react with alkenes to make haloalkanes. Why is this called an addition reaction

A

HaloalkAnes
Because the double carbon bond is split and a halogen atom is added to each of the carbons
(A halogen atom is Bromine or Chlorine)

25
Q

The reaction between bromine and alkenes is often used as a test for __________ bonds

A

Double bonds

26
Q

When you shake an alkene with orange bromine water, the solution becomes ______________ - this is because the bromine molecules, which are orange, are reacting with the alkene to make a dibromoalkene, which is colourless

A

Colourless

27
Q

Ethanol can be produced from ___________ and __________

A

Ethene and steam

28
Q

Ethene is produced from __________ ______

A

Crude oil

29
Q

Ethene will react with steam to make _____________

A

Ethanol

30
Q

To make ethanol using ethene and steam you need a temperature of ______ and a pressure of ___-___ atmospheres

A

300°C

60-70

31
Q

What is used as a catalyst in the reaction between ethene and steam

A

Phosphoric acid

32
Q

What type of process is used to make ethanol using ethene + steam

A

Continuous

33
Q

Which process of making ethanol has a quicker reaction speed

A

Ethene + steam is quicker

34
Q

The ethanol made in ethene + steam is ______

A

Pure

35
Q

The ethanol made in fermentation is _________

A

Impure

36
Q

Which process used to make ethanol is renewable

A

Fermentation is renewable

Ethene + steam is non-renewable because it uses crude oil to get the ethene

37
Q

What temperature is needed to create ethanol using fermentation

A

30°C

38
Q

What pressure is needed to create ethanol using fermentation

A

1 atmosphere (normal pressure)

39
Q

Which process used to make ethanol is cheaper

A

Fermentation is far cheaper

Ethene + steam is expensive to build and expensive to maintain

40
Q

Which process is used to make ethanol release co2

A

Fermentation

41
Q

What type of process is used to create ethanol using fermentation

A

Batch

42
Q

Ethanol can be dehydrated to form ____________. This is done by removing ___________ from the ethanol in a dehydration reaction. Ethanol vapour is passed over a hot catalyst of ________________ oxide - the catalyst provides a huge surface area for the reaction

A

Ethene
Water
Aluminium

43
Q

How to differentiate between alkanes and alkenes:

A

Add a few drops of bromine water:
Alkenes decolourise it
Alkanes don’t (remains orange)

44
Q

Symbol equation for complete combustion of alkanes

A

CH4 + 2O2 –> CO2 + 2H2O

45
Q

Fermentation of sugars equation

A

Sugar–> ethanol + carbon dioxide

46
Q

Ethene + steam equation

A

Ethene + water (steam) –> Ethanol

47
Q

How is ethanol dehydrated to make ethene

A

By passing ethanol vapour over a hot catalyst of aluminium oxide

Chemistry GCSE (28 decks)

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