Organic Chemistry (3)

Question 1

All alkanes are ______________

Answer 1

Hydrocarbons

Question 2

What are hydrocarbons

Answer 2

Molecules that are made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms only

Question 3

Alkanes are chains of ___________ atoms surrounded by ______________ atoms

Answer 3

Carbon

Hydrogen

Question 4

Different alkanes have chains of different __________

Answer 4

Lengths

Question 5

What are the first 5 alkanes

Answer 5

Must Every Prefect be Perfect

Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Pentane

Question 6

What is the formula of an alkane

Answer 6

Cn H2n+2

Question 7

What is a homologous series

Answer 7

A group of compounds that can all be represented by the same general formula

Question 8

What does biodegradable mean

Answer 8

Capable of being decomposed by bacteria or other living organisms and thereby avoiding pollution.

Question 9

Most polymers, including poly(ethene) and poly(propene), are not ________________

Answer 9

Biodegradable

Question 10

What does saturated mean

Answer 10

Containing the greatest possible number of hydrogen atoms, without carbon–carbon double or triple bonds.

Question 11

When there is lots of oxygen, ____________ combustion occurs

Answer 11

Complete

Question 12

Complete combustion: Alkane + oxygen → _________ __________ + ___________

Answer 12

Carbon dioxide + water

Question 13

What is produced when an alkane is burnt

Answer 13

Carbon dioxide and water

Question 14

Incomplete combustion: Alkane + oxygen → …

Answer 14

Alkane + oxygen → carbon + carbon monoxide + carbon dioxide + water

Question 15

Incomplete combustion means a _________ ___________ flame, and ________ energy than complete combustion

Answer 15

Smoky yellow flame

Less

Question 16

Halogens react with alkanes to make _____________

Answer 16

Haloalkanes

Question 17

_____________ and bromine react with alkenes in the presence of ____ light

Answer 17

Chlorine

UV (Ultraviolet)

Question 18

In haloalkane reactions, a hydrogen atom from the alkane is substituted (replaced) by _____________ or ___________ and there will also be an extra hydrogen ___________ or hydrogen ___________ molecule.

Answer 18

Chlorine or bromine

Question 19

Alkenes are another type of _____________

Answer 19

Hydrocarbon

Question 20

How are alkenes different to alkanes

Answer 20

Alkenes contain double bonds whereas alkanes don’t

Question 21

____________ are unsaturated

Answer 21

Alkenes

Question 22

What are the first three alkenes

Answer 22

Every Penguin Burps

Ethene
Propene
Butene

Question 23

Why is methene not a thing

Answer 23

Because methane cannot have a double bond since there is only 1 carbon

Question 24

Halogens can react with alkenes to make haloalkanes. Why is this called an addition reaction

Answer 24

HaloalkAnes
Because the double carbon bond is split and a halogen atom is added to each of the carbons
(A halogen atom is Bromine or Chlorine)

Question 25

The reaction between bromine and alkenes is often used as a test for __________ bonds

Answer 25

Double bonds

Question 26

When you shake an alkene with orange bromine water, the solution becomes ______________ - this is because the bromine molecules, which are orange, are reacting with the alkene to make a dibromoalkene, which is colourless

Answer 26

Colourless

Question 27

Ethanol can be produced from ___________ and __________

Answer 27

Ethene and steam

Question 28

Ethene is produced from __________ ______

Answer 28

Crude oil

Question 29

Ethene will react with steam to make _____________

Answer 29

Ethanol

Question 30

To make ethanol using ethene and steam you need a temperature of ______ and a pressure of ___-___ atmospheres

Answer 30

300°C | 60-70

Question 31

What is used as a catalyst in the reaction between ethene and steam

Answer 31

Phosphoric acid

Question 32

What type of process is used to make ethanol using ethene + steam

Answer 32

Continuous

Question 33

Which process of making ethanol has a quicker reaction speed

Answer 33

Ethene + steam is quicker

Question 34

The ethanol made in ethene + steam is ______

Answer 34

Pure

Question 35

The ethanol made in fermentation is _________

Answer 35

Impure

Question 36

Which process used to make ethanol is renewable

Answer 36

Fermentation is renewable | Ethene + steam is non-renewable because it uses crude oil to get the ethene

Question 37

What temperature is needed to create ethanol using fermentation

Answer 37

30°C

Question 38

What pressure is needed to create ethanol using fermentation

Answer 38

1 atmosphere (normal pressure)

Question 39

Which process used to make ethanol is cheaper

Answer 39

Fermentation is far cheaper | Ethene + steam is expensive to build and expensive to maintain

Question 40

Which process is used to make ethanol release co2

Answer 40

Fermentation

Question 41

What type of process is used to create ethanol using fermentation

Answer 41

Batch

Question 42

Ethanol can be dehydrated to form ____________. This is done by removing ___________ from the ethanol in a dehydration reaction. Ethanol vapour is passed over a hot catalyst of ________________ oxide - the catalyst provides a huge surface area for the reaction

Answer 42

Ethene Water Aluminium

Question 43

How to differentiate between alkanes and alkenes:

Answer 43

Add a few drops of bromine water: Alkenes decolourise it Alkanes don't (remains orange)

Question 44

Symbol equation for complete combustion of alkanes

Answer 44

CH4 + 2O2 --> CO2 + 2H2O

Question 45

Fermentation of sugars equation

Answer 45

Sugar--> ethanol + carbon dioxide

Question 46

Ethene + steam equation

Answer 46

Ethene + water (steam) --> Ethanol

Question 47

How is ethanol dehydrated to make ethene

Answer 47

By passing ethanol vapour over a hot catalyst of aluminium oxide