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2 - CPR (renal) > Testicular Tumors > Flashcards

Testicular Tumors Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common type of testicular tumor?

A

Germ cell tumors

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2
Q

A majority of the tumors in this deck are of what type?

A

Germ cell tumors

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3
Q

Germ cell (testicular) tumors usually occur in what age group/race?

A

15-45 year old white males

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4
Q

What chromosomal abnormality is present with a Seminoma?

A

Reduplication of the short arm of chromosome 12

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5
Q

What do the cells look like with Seminomas?

A

Polyhedral with clear cytoplasm that contains glycogen and 1-2 prominent nucleoli

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6
Q

What cells are present with Seminomas?

A

Syncytiotrophoblasts

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7
Q

What 3 stains will be (+) with a Seminoma?

A

(+) KIT, OCT3/4, Podoplanin

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8
Q

Do Seminomas commonly involves hemorrhage or necrosis?

A

No

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9
Q

What chromosomal abnormality is present with Spermatocytic Tumors?

A

Gain of chromosome 9q

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10
Q

Spermatocytic Tumors have 3 cells present. What are they?

A
  1. Medium cells
  2. Smaller cells with dense chromatic
  3. Scattered giant cells
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11
Q

Embryonal Carcinomas are more aggressive tumors. What invasion is commonly seen with them?

A

Vascular/lymphatic invasion

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12
Q

Are foci of hemorrhage or necrosis seen with Embryonal Carcinomas?

A

Yes

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13
Q

Embryonal Carcinomas have what 2 (+) stains?

A

(+) OCT3/4, Cytokeratin

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14
Q

What is a testicular tumor that can present before puberty? – most common one

A

Yolk Sac Tumor

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15
Q

If a Yolk Sac Tumor is pre-pubertal it is better off. What is NOT associated with?

A

NOT associated with germ cell elements or germ cell neoplasia in situ

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16
Q

What is a defining feature of Yolk Sac Tumors?

A

Schiller-Duval bodies (endodermal sinuses)

== Look like glomeruli!

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17
Q

Schiller-Duval bodies are seen with what germ cell tumor and what do they look like?

A

Yolk Sac Tumors

– look like glomeruli

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18
Q

What 3 stains will be (+) with Yolk Sac Tumors?

A

(+) AFP, alpha1 antitrypsin, cytokeratin

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19
Q

Choriocarcinomas are highly malignant tumors, yet small. What is very elevated in the serum?

A

Increased hCG

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20
Q

What 2 cell types are present with Choriocarcinomas?

A

Syncytiotrophoblasts

Cytotrophoblasts

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21
Q

What do each of the cell types look like/contain with Choriocarcinoma?

A

Syncytiotrophoblasts – eosinophilic with hCG

Cytotrophoblasts – smaller with clear cytoplasm

22
Q

What stain will be (+) with Choriocarinomas?

23
Q

What defines a Teratoma?

A

Components of more than 1 germ cell layer

24
Q

What is the second most common germ cell (testicular) tumor that can occur in children?

25
Q

What is the symptom of germ cell testicular tumors?

A

PainLESS enlargement of the testis

26
Q

What is the symptom of germ cell testicular tumors?

A

PainLESS enlargement of the testis

27
Q

What diagnostic test should you NOT do with germ cell testicular tumors?

A

Biopsy –> risk of tumor spillage

28
Q

If germ cell testicular cancers are going to spread via the lymphatics, where will they likely go first?

A

Para-aortic nodes

29
Q

If germ cell testicular cancers are going to spread via the blood, where will they likely go first?

30
Q

What are 2 Sex Cord-Gonadal Stoma Tumors of the testes?

A

Leydig cell tumors

Sertoli cell tumors

31
Q

What are 2 Sex Cord - Gonadal Stroma Tumors of the testes?

A

Leydig cell tumors

Sertoli cell tumors

32
Q

What do leydig cell tumors often elaborate?

A

Androgens, estrogens, corticosteroids

33
Q

What are the possible symptoms of Leydig Cell Tumors?

A

Testis swelling, gynecomastia and early sexual development

34
Q

What are the possible symptoms of Leydig Cell Tumors?

A

Testis swelling, gynecomastia, early sexual development

35
Q

How do Leydig Cell tumors look?

A

Golden brown

36
Q

Leydig Cell tumors are often round with eosinophilic cytoplasm. What things can the cytoplasm contain?

A

Lipids
Vacuoles
Lipofuscin pigment
Rod shaped crystalloids of Reinke

37
Q

What is a defining feature found in the cytoplasm of Leydig Cell tumors?

A

Rod shaped crystalloids of Reinke

38
Q

What is different about Sertoli Cell tumors compared to leydig cell tumors?

A

Sertoli cell tumors are hormonally silent

– just testicular mass present

39
Q

Symptom of Sertoli Cell tumors?

A

Testicular mass only

– no hormone changes unlike leydig cell tumors

40
Q

How are the cells arranged with Sertoli Cell Tumors?

A

Cord-like trabeculae

41
Q

What 3 things and mutation are Sertoli Cell Tumors associated with?

A

Carney complex –> PRKAR1A mutations
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
FAP

42
Q

Testicular Lymphomas, are they often unilateral or bilateral and what structure is usually involved?

A

Bilateral

– spermatic cord involved

43
Q

What is the con of Testicular Lymphomas presentation?

A

Usually disseminated at the time of detection

44
Q

Testicular Lymphomas have a high propensity for what site where they like to recurr?

45
Q

(+) hCG

A

Choriocarcinoma

46
Q

(+) AFP, alpha1 antitrypsin, cytokeratin

A

Yolk Sac Tumor

47
Q

(+) OCT 3/4, cytokeratin

A

Embryonal Carcinoma

48
Q

(+) KIT, OCT 3/4, podoplanin

49
Q

Gain of Chromosome 9q

A

Spermatocytic tumors

50
Q

Reduplication of short arm of Chromosome 12

2 - CPR (renal) (27 decks)

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