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2 - CPR (renal) > Glomerular Injury/Disease Pathogenesis > Flashcards

Glomerular Injury/Disease Pathogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

What defines a Primary Glomerulopathy?

A

ONLY the kidney is involved

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2
Q

List 4 responses that the glomerulus tissue can have in response to injury

A
  • Hypercellularity
  • Basement membrane thickening
  • Hyalinosis
  • Sclerosis
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3
Q

List 4 responses that the glomerulus tissue can have in response to injury

A
  • Hypercellularity
  • Basement membrane thickening
  • Hyalinosis
  • Sclerosis
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4
Q

Hypercellularity of the glomerulus tissue can result from a few different things. It can result from proliferation of what type of cells?

A

Mesangial/endothelial cell proliferation

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5
Q

Hypercellularity of the glomerulus tissue can result from a few different things. It can result from infiltration of?

A

Leukocyte infiltration

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6
Q

If Hypercellularity of the glomerulus tissue is due to mesangial/endothelial cell proliferation AND leukocyte infiltration, what is that called?

A

Endocapillary proliferation

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7
Q

Hypercellularity of the glomerulus tissue can result from a few different things. What specific structures can form and and what are they made of that may cause hypercellularity?

A

Formation of Crescents

= Epithelial cells + leukocytes

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8
Q

Crescents are made of what things?

A

Epithelial cells + leukocytes

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9
Q

What 2 glomerulus tissue responses to injury can cause/result in capillary wall injuries?

A

Hyalinosis and Sclerosis

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10
Q

Homogenous eosinophilic material

A

Hyalinosis

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11
Q

What proteins make up hyalinosis?

A

Plasma proteins

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12
Q

Extracellular collagenous matrix deposition

A

Sclerosis

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13
Q

There are many different clinical manifestations of Glomerular Diseases. List some of them (5)

A
  • Nephritic or Nephrotic syndrome
  • Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis
  • CKD
  • Urinary abnormalities (hematuria/proteinuria)
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14
Q

There are many different clinical manifestations of Glomerular Diseases. List some of them (5)

A
  • Nephritic or Nephrotic Syndromes
  • Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis
  • CKD
  • Urinary abnormalities (hematuria/proteinuria)
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15
Q

Glomerular Injury is usually ____ mediated

A

Immune mediated

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16
Q

What is the most common Glomerular Injury pathogenesis?

A

In situ formation of immune complexes

- Antibodies react with intrinsic or planted tissue in glomerulus

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17
Q

Glomeruluar injury caused by in situ formation of immune complexes involves?

A

Antibodies that react with intrinsic tissue antigens or planted antigens in the glomerulus

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18
Q

Diseases that are caused by In situ formation of immune complexes show what type of immunofluorescence?

A

Granular

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19
Q

Diseases that are caused by antibodies against components of the GBM show what type of immunofluorescence?

A

Diffuse Linear

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20
Q

Diseases that are caused by circulating immune complexes are trapped how in the glomeruli?

A

Antigen-Antibody complexes get trapped due to the glomeruli hemodynamics
– not because they are reacting with intrinsic tissue

21
Q

Diffuse linear immunofluorescence pattern suggests that the antibodies are against?

22
Q

Granular immunofluorescence suggests that the antibodies are against?

A

Intrinsic tissue antigens or planted antigens

– in situ formation of complexes

23
Q

ALL immune complex depositions in the glomeruli cause what to occur?

A

Local inflammatory reaction that produces an injury

24
Q

What main inflammatory reactants do immune complex deposition glomerular diseases activate?

A

Complement
Neutrophils
Macrophages

25
What main inflammatory reactants do T-cell mediated Glomerular injuries activate?
Macrophages T cells Mesangial cells Platelets
26
What specific things can cause the injury to the glomerulus?
Oxidants, cytokines, chemokines Proteases Nitric oxide, Eicosanoids
27
Immune Complex deposition that causes glomerular injury involves what type of deposits?
Electron dense deposits made of immune complexes
28
Electron dense deposits between the endothelial cells and the GBM are considered?
Subendothlelial
29
Electron dense deposits between the outer surface of the GBM and the podocytes are considered?
Subepithelial
30
Electron dense deposits can also occur in the?
Mesangium
31
Glomerular injury can also occur due to epithelial cell injury. This involves injury to?
Podocytes
32
What occurs with podocyte injuries?
Effacement of foot processes, vacuolization, retraction and cell detachment
33
What are 2 examples of diseases that specifically cause podocyte injury?
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis | Diabetic Nephropathy
34
With Glomerular injuries, what will it progress to once the GFR is < 30-50% of normal?
ESRD
35
What are the 2 histologic manifestations of ESRD?
Glomerulosclerosis | Tubular injury/interstitial fibrosis
36
What are 2 Hereditary Nephritis's?
Alport Syndrome | Thin Basement Membrane Nephropathy
37
What are 2 Hereditary Nephritis's?
Alport Syndrome | Thin Basement Membrane Nephropathy
38
Hereditary Nephritis diseases have mutations in?
Collagen type IV
39
Alport Syndrome is inherited how?
X-linked
40
What are the symptoms of Alport syndrome?
- Hematuria that progresses to renal failure | - Nerve Deafness and Eye disorders
41
Hematuria, nerve deafness and eye disorders suggests what hereditary nephritis?
Alport Syndrome
42
How does Alport Syndrome's GBM look?
Basket weave appearance | -- alternating thin and thick areas
43
What is a sign of Alport Syndrome?
Alpha 3,4,5 collagen antibodies all fail to stain
44
Thin Basement Membrane Nephropathy is inherited how?
Autosomally
45
What are the symptoms of Thin Basement Membrane Nephropathy?
Asymptomatic hematuria
46
How does Thin Basement Membrane Nephropathy GBM look?
Thin
47
Benign Familial Hematuria is also known as?
Thin Basement Membrane Nephropathy
48
Asymptomatic hematuria suggests what hereditary nephritis?
Thin Basement Membrane Nephropathy

2 - CPR (renal) (27 decks)

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