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2 - CPR (renal) > Hematuria, Dysuria, Nocturia > Flashcards

Hematuria, Dysuria, Nocturia Flashcards

1
Q

Asymptomatic Bacteriuria

A

Bacteriuria present on urine culture but NO symptoms

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2
Q

Uncomplicated UTI

A

Acute cystitis/pyelonephritis in a non-pregnant, outpatient FEMALE with no abnormalties

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3
Q

A Complicated UTI is essentially all other UTI’s that are not the uncomplicated patient. What can be classified as complicated or uncomplicated?

A

Pyelonephritis

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4
Q

Cather-Associated UTI (CA-UTI)

A

UTI associated with catheter placement or within 48 hours of removal

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5
Q

Females are affected more often by UTI’s due to the anatomic setup. How does bacteria cause UTIs and which bacteria is usually to blame?

A

Bacteria inoculates the urethra and ascends into bladder

– E. coli!

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6
Q

What are the symptoms of cystitis with a UTI?

A
  • Dysuria (pain)
  • Urinary urgency
  • Urinary frequency
  • Suprapubic pain
    • +/- hematuria
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7
Q

What are the symptoms of pyelonephritis with a UTI?

A

The cystitis symptoms +

  • fever/chills/rigors
  • flank pain
  • fatigue
  • N/V
    • confusion common in the elderly
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8
Q

What are some possible UTI complications?

A
  • Sepsis
  • AKI/perinephric abscess
  • Emphysematous pyelonephritis
  • Papillary necrosis
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9
Q

With a UTI, what (+) findings on a urine dipstick can arise?

A

(+) leukocyte esterase

(+) nitrites

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10
Q

UA with microscopy and a urine culture are also commonly ordered with a UTI. What does the Urine Culture usually show?

A

> 10^5 CFU

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11
Q

What diagnostic test is usually ordered for complicated UTIs or pyelonephritis?

A

CT of abdomen/pelvis with and without contrast

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12
Q

Prostatitis

A

Infection of the prostate gland

- can be acute, chronic, asymptomatic

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13
Q

Chronic pelvic pain syndrome

A

Suprapubic pain without detectable infection

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14
Q

What are the common symptoms of Prostatitis?

A
  • Fever
  • Irritative voiding (dysuria/freq/urgency)
  • Obstructive (dribbling/poor stream)
  • Suprapubic pain
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15
Q

If Prostatitis is chronic, how will the symptoms compare to acute?

A

Chronic = more subtle and not as sick as acute patients

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16
Q

How is Prostatitis diagnosed?

A

DRE

UA and urine culture

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17
Q

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) increases with?

A

AGE

18
Q

What are the main risk factors for men to develop BPH besides increasing age?

A
  • Metabolic syndrome/obesity
  • Genetics
  • Caffeine intake
19
Q

BPH can be asymptomatic or symptomatic. If symptomatic, what classifies it?

A

LUTS

lower urinary tract symptoms

20
Q

What are the storage symptoms of BPH/LUTS?

A
  • Urinary incontinence
  • Urinary frequency and urgency
  • Nocturia
21
Q

What are the voiding symptoms with BPH/LUTS?

A
  • Straining
  • Intermittency
  • Splitting of stream and dribbling
22
Q

Between the storage and voiding symptoms with BPH/LUTS, which is usually more bothersome?

A

Storage symptoms

- UI, urinary frequency/urgency, nocturia

23
Q

What are some diagnostic tests to order for BPH?

A

DRE, UA, BMP, PSA, PVR US

24
Q

What are the options for BPH that is moderate/severe?

A

Medications

Surgery – prostate resection

25
Q

Nephrolithiasis

A

Kidney stones

26
Q

With Nephrolithiasis, there is an increased risk of recurrence. What are the stones usually made of?

A

Calcium

27
Q

What are some general risk factors for kidney stones?

A

Diet
Genetics
Urine supersaturation
Other metabolic disorders

28
Q

Nephrolithiasis is often detected how?

A

On accident with imaging

– asymptomatic

29
Q

If Nephrolithiasis is symptomatic, what are the common symptoms?

A

Flank pain
Hematuria
N/V

30
Q

What are the diagnostic imaging studies to get for Nephrolithiasis?

A
  1. CT of abdomen/pelvis
  2. KUB xray
  3. Ultrasound
31
Q

What urine diagnostic tests can be obtained for kidney stones?

A

UA with micrsoscopy

Urine strain

32
Q

Treatment for kidney stones depends on?

A

Size and location

– smaller and more distal usually pass spontaneously

33
Q

What are the general treatments for kidney stones?

A

Fluids
NSAIDs for pain
Surgery

34
Q

Flank pain, hematuria, N/V suggests?

A

Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones)

35
Q

UI, urinary urgency/frequency and nocturia suggests?

A

Storage symptoms of BPH

36
Q

Straining, intermittency, splitting of stream and dribbling suggests?

A

Voiding symptoms of BPH

37
Q

Fever, irritative voiding and obstructive symptoms like dribbling/poor stream suggest?

A

Prostatitis

38
Q

Cystitis + fever, flank pain, fatigue, N/V, confusion suggests?

A

Pyelonephritis

39
Q

Dysuria (pain), urinary urgency/frequency and suprapubic pain suggests?

A

Cystitis

40
Q

Uncomplicated UTI

A

Non-pregnancy, outpatient woman with no anatomical abnormalities or devices

2 - CPR (renal) (27 decks)

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