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2 - CPR (renal) > 20-8 (Neoplasms) > Flashcards

20-8 (Neoplasms) Flashcards

1
Q

What are 3 benign neoplasms of the kidney?

A
  1. Papillary Adenoma
  2. Angiomyolipoma
  3. Oncocytoma
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2
Q

What are 3 benign neoplasms of the kidney?

A
  1. Papillary Adenoma
  2. Angiomyolipoma
  3. Oncocytoma
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3
Q

What malignant neoplasm is the Papillary Adenoma histologically the same as?

A

Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma

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4
Q

The Papillary Adenoma is less than 1.5 cm in diameter and is present in the ____

A

Cortex

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5
Q

Angiomyolipoma’s are common in patients with what disease and what are the symptoms?

A

Tuberous Sclerosis

= Epilepsy, low IQ, skin abnormalities and other benign tumors

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6
Q

What are Angiomyolipomas made of and what are they at a risk for?

A

Vessels, smooth muscle and fat

–> risk for spontaneous hemorrhage

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7
Q

Patients with epilepsy, low IQ, skin abnormalities and other benign tumors have what condition and are at risk for what benign renal neoplasm?

A

Tuberous Sclerosis

– Angiomyolipoma

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8
Q

Oncocytoma’s are composed of what cells and what is unique about what is inside those cells?

A

Eosinophilic cells with large nucleoli and lots of mitochondria

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9
Q

This benign neoplasm contains lots of eosinophilic cells with large nucleoli and lots of mitochondria

A

Oncocytoma

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10
Q

How do Oncocytoma’s look to the naked eye?

A

Tan-brown, homogenous with a central scar

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11
Q

What are 3 common malignant neoplasms of the kidney?

A
  1. Renal Cell Carcinoma
  2. Urothelial Carcinoma of the renal pelvis
  3. Wilms tumor
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12
Q

What are 3 common malignant neoplasms of the kidney?

A
  1. Renal Cell Carcinoma
  2. Urothelial Carcinoma of the renal pelvis
  3. Wilms tumor
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13
Q

Where in the kidney do Renal Cell Carcinomas usually affect?

A

Poles

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14
Q

In what people/conditions are Renal Cell Carcinomas seen more often?

A

Male smokers
Obese women
Increased Estrogen
HTN

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15
Q

Renal Cell Carcinomas have a tendency to invade what structures and what does that look like?

A

Renal Vein

–> extend up to the IVC as a solid column of cells

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16
Q

There are 4 syndromes that are inherited Autosomal Dominantly which produce Renal Cell Carcinomas. What are those syndromes?

A
  1. Von Hippel - Lindau
  2. Hereditary Leiomyomatosis
  3. Hereditary Papillary Carcinoma
  4. Birt-Hogg-Dube Syndrome
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17
Q

Hereditary Autosomal Dominant syndromes that produce Renal Cell Carcinomas usually involve one or multiple carcinomas?

A

Multiple

– Sporadic=single

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18
Q

Von Hippel Lindau Syndrome has what gene mutation and what malignancy in the kidney?

A

VHL gene

Renal Cell Carcinoma

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19
Q

Hereditary Leiomyomatosis involve what gene mutation and what renal malignancy?

A

FH (fumarate hydratase) mutations

Renal Cell Carcinoma

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20
Q

Hereditary Papillary Carcinoma involves what gene mutation and what renal malignancy?

A

MET mutations

Renal Cell Carcinoma

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21
Q

Birt Hogg Dube Syndrome involves what gene mutations and what renal/other malignancy?

A

BHD (folliculin) mutations

Renal Cell Carcinoma, Lungs and skin

22
Q

What are the 4 major types of Renal Cell Carcinomas?

A
  1. Clear cell
  2. Papillary
  3. Chromophobe
  4. Xp11 translocation
23
Q

What are the 4 major types of Renal Cell Carcinomas?

A
  1. Clear cell
  2. Papillary
  3. Chromophobe
  4. Xp11 translocation
24
Q

Clear Cell Carcinomas involve what gene changes?

A

Deletion of the short arm of chromosome 3 that involves the VHL gene

25
Q

Clear Cell Carcinomas have a deletion of the VHL gene, which normally inhibits what things?

A

HIF1, VEGF, IGF1 that all promote growth

26
Q

Clear Cell Carcinomas arise from what epithelium and appear what color and why?

A
  • Proximal tubule epithelium

- Appear yellow due to lipid accumulation

27
Q

This type of Renal cell carcinoma has a deletion of chromosome 3, and is yellow due to lipid accumulation?

A

Clear Cell Carcinoma

28
Q

Papillary Carcinomas have what gene changes?

A

Trisomies of 7 and 17 and possibly deletion of Y in males

29
Q

This type of Renal cell carcinoma involves trisomies of 7 and 17 and possibly deletion of Y chromosome in males?

A

Papillary Carcinoma

30
Q

Papillary Carcinomas have trisomies of 7 and 17 commonly. What mutations does that cause to arise?

A

MET mutations that promote HGF activity

31
Q

Papillary Carcinomas arise from where in the nephron and what do they look like?

A

Arise from DCT

– look hemorrhagic

32
Q

What 2 things are commonly seen in Papillary Carcinomas?

A

Foam cells

Psammoma bodies

33
Q

Chromophobe Carcinomas have what types of cells?

A

Pale eosinophilic cells with a halo around the nucleus

34
Q

Pale eosinophilic cells with a halo around the nucleus is likely what Renal Cell Carcinoma?

A

Chromophobe Carcinoma

35
Q

This Renal Cell Carcinoma is commonly hypodiploidy?

A

Chromophobe Carcinoma

36
Q

Xp11 Translocation Carcinomas occur in what age patients and have what overexpression?

A

Young patients with overexpression of TFE3

37
Q

Xp11 Translocation Carcinomas occur in what age patients and have what overexpression?

A

Young patients with overexpression of TFE3

38
Q

What are 3 common symptoms of Renal Cell Carcinomas?

A

Costovertebral pain
Palpable mass
Hematuria

39
Q

Renal Cell Carcinomas often go unnoticed, so they are usually large when discovered. Besides hematuria, what other changes may be common?

A

Abnormal hormones, HTN, and other molecular changes

40
Q

Renal Cell Carcinomas commonly metastasize before they produce any clinical signs. What 2 locations are common sites of metastasis?

A

Lungs

Bone

41
Q

Urothelial Carcinomas of the renal pelvis are clinically apparent within a short time. Why?

A

Produce hematuria and can block urine outflow

42
Q

What are some possible symptoms of a Urothelial Carcinoma?

A

Hematuria
Flank pain
Hydronephrosis

43
Q

Urothelial Carcinomas of the renal pelvis are associated with what things?

A

Bladder tumors

Lynch Syndrome

44
Q

Urothelial Carcinomas of the renal pelvis are small on discovery. Why do they have poor prognosis?

A

Invade calyces and renal pelvis wall

45
Q

Wilms tumors affect children between 2-5 years old. What are 3 common syndromes that they present with?

A

WAGR
Denys Drash
Beckwith Wiedemann

46
Q

WAGR

A

Wilms tumor
Aniridia
Genitourinary Abnormalities
Retardation

47
Q

What genes are deleted with WAGR?

A

WT1 and PAX6

48
Q

Denys - Drash Syndrome

A

Gonadal Dysgenesis
Early onset renal failure
– wilms tumor

49
Q

Beckwith - Wiedemann Syndrome

A

Organomegaly
Macroglossia
Hemihypertrophy
Large cells in adrenal cortex

50
Q

What cell types are present with Wilms tumors?

A

Sheets of small blue cells

- blastemal, stromal, epithelial cells present

2 - CPR (renal) (27 decks)

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