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2 - CPR (renal) > 20-8 (Neoplasms) > Flashcards

20-8 (Neoplasms) Flashcards

1
Q

What are 3 benign neoplasms of the kidney?

A
  1. Papillary Adenoma
  2. Angiomyolipoma
  3. Oncocytoma
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2
Q

What are 3 benign neoplasms of the kidney?

A
  1. Papillary Adenoma
  2. Angiomyolipoma
  3. Oncocytoma
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3
Q

What malignant neoplasm is the Papillary Adenoma histologically the same as?

A

Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma

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4
Q

The Papillary Adenoma is less than 1.5 cm in diameter and is present in the ____

A

Cortex

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5
Q

Angiomyolipoma’s are common in patients with what disease and what are the symptoms?

A

Tuberous Sclerosis

= Epilepsy, low IQ, skin abnormalities and other benign tumors

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6
Q

What are Angiomyolipomas made of and what are they at a risk for?

A

Vessels, smooth muscle and fat

–> risk for spontaneous hemorrhage

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7
Q

Patients with epilepsy, low IQ, skin abnormalities and other benign tumors have what condition and are at risk for what benign renal neoplasm?

A

Tuberous Sclerosis

– Angiomyolipoma

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8
Q

Oncocytoma’s are composed of what cells and what is unique about what is inside those cells?

A

Eosinophilic cells with large nucleoli and lots of mitochondria

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9
Q

This benign neoplasm contains lots of eosinophilic cells with large nucleoli and lots of mitochondria

A

Oncocytoma

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10
Q

How do Oncocytoma’s look to the naked eye?

A

Tan-brown, homogenous with a central scar

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11
Q

What are 3 common malignant neoplasms of the kidney?

A
  1. Renal Cell Carcinoma
  2. Urothelial Carcinoma of the renal pelvis
  3. Wilms tumor
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12
Q

What are 3 common malignant neoplasms of the kidney?

A
  1. Renal Cell Carcinoma
  2. Urothelial Carcinoma of the renal pelvis
  3. Wilms tumor
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13
Q

Where in the kidney do Renal Cell Carcinomas usually affect?

A

Poles

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14
Q

In what people/conditions are Renal Cell Carcinomas seen more often?

A

Male smokers
Obese women
Increased Estrogen
HTN

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15
Q

Renal Cell Carcinomas have a tendency to invade what structures and what does that look like?

A

Renal Vein

–> extend up to the IVC as a solid column of cells

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16
Q

There are 4 syndromes that are inherited Autosomal Dominantly which produce Renal Cell Carcinomas. What are those syndromes?

A
  1. Von Hippel - Lindau
  2. Hereditary Leiomyomatosis
  3. Hereditary Papillary Carcinoma
  4. Birt-Hogg-Dube Syndrome
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17
Q

Hereditary Autosomal Dominant syndromes that produce Renal Cell Carcinomas usually involve one or multiple carcinomas?

A

Multiple

– Sporadic=single

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18
Q

Von Hippel Lindau Syndrome has what gene mutation and what malignancy in the kidney?

A

VHL gene

Renal Cell Carcinoma

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19
Q

Hereditary Leiomyomatosis involve what gene mutation and what renal malignancy?

A

FH (fumarate hydratase) mutations

Renal Cell Carcinoma

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20
Q

Hereditary Papillary Carcinoma involves what gene mutation and what renal malignancy?

A

MET mutations

Renal Cell Carcinoma

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21
Q

Birt Hogg Dube Syndrome involves what gene mutations and what renal/other malignancy?

A

BHD (folliculin) mutations

Renal Cell Carcinoma, Lungs and skin

22
Q

What are the 4 major types of Renal Cell Carcinomas?

A
  1. Clear cell
  2. Papillary
  3. Chromophobe
  4. Xp11 translocation
23
Q

What are the 4 major types of Renal Cell Carcinomas?

A
  1. Clear cell
  2. Papillary
  3. Chromophobe
  4. Xp11 translocation
24
Q

Clear Cell Carcinomas involve what gene changes?

A

Deletion of the short arm of chromosome 3 that involves the VHL gene

25
Clear Cell Carcinomas have a deletion of the VHL gene, which normally inhibits what things?
HIF1, VEGF, IGF1 that all promote growth
26
Clear Cell Carcinomas arise from what epithelium and appear what color and why?
- Proximal tubule epithelium | - Appear yellow due to lipid accumulation
27
This type of Renal cell carcinoma has a deletion of chromosome 3, and is yellow due to lipid accumulation?
Clear Cell Carcinoma
28
Papillary Carcinomas have what gene changes?
Trisomies of 7 and 17 and possibly deletion of Y in males
29
This type of Renal cell carcinoma involves trisomies of 7 and 17 and possibly deletion of Y chromosome in males?
Papillary Carcinoma
30
Papillary Carcinomas have trisomies of 7 and 17 commonly. What mutations does that cause to arise?
MET mutations that promote HGF activity
31
Papillary Carcinomas arise from where in the nephron and what do they look like?
Arise from DCT | -- look hemorrhagic
32
What 2 things are commonly seen in Papillary Carcinomas?
Foam cells | Psammoma bodies
33
Chromophobe Carcinomas have what types of cells?
Pale eosinophilic cells with a halo around the nucleus
34
Pale eosinophilic cells with a halo around the nucleus is likely what Renal Cell Carcinoma?
Chromophobe Carcinoma
35
This Renal Cell Carcinoma is commonly hypodiploidy?
Chromophobe Carcinoma
36
Xp11 Translocation Carcinomas occur in what age patients and have what overexpression?
Young patients with overexpression of TFE3
37
Xp11 Translocation Carcinomas occur in what age patients and have what overexpression?
Young patients with overexpression of TFE3
38
What are 3 common symptoms of Renal Cell Carcinomas?
Costovertebral pain Palpable mass Hematuria
39
Renal Cell Carcinomas often go unnoticed, so they are usually large when discovered. Besides hematuria, what other changes may be common?
Abnormal hormones, HTN, and other molecular changes
40
Renal Cell Carcinomas commonly metastasize before they produce any clinical signs. What 2 locations are common sites of metastasis?
Lungs | Bone
41
Urothelial Carcinomas of the renal pelvis are clinically apparent within a short time. Why?
Produce hematuria and can block urine outflow
42
What are some possible symptoms of a Urothelial Carcinoma?
Hematuria Flank pain Hydronephrosis
43
Urothelial Carcinomas of the renal pelvis are associated with what things?
Bladder tumors | Lynch Syndrome
44
Urothelial Carcinomas of the renal pelvis are small on discovery. Why do they have poor prognosis?
Invade calyces and renal pelvis wall
45
Wilms tumors affect children between 2-5 years old. What are 3 common syndromes that they present with?
WAGR Denys Drash Beckwith Wiedemann
46
WAGR
Wilms tumor Aniridia Genitourinary Abnormalities Retardation
47
What genes are deleted with WAGR?
WT1 and PAX6
48
Denys - Drash Syndrome
Gonadal Dysgenesis Early onset renal failure -- wilms tumor
49
Beckwith - Wiedemann Syndrome
Organomegaly Macroglossia Hemihypertrophy Large cells in adrenal cortex
50
What cell types are present with Wilms tumors?
Sheets of small blue cells | - blastemal, stromal, epithelial cells present

2 - CPR (renal) (27 decks)

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