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2 - CPR (renal) > 20-2 (congenital) > Flashcards

20-2 (congenital) Flashcards

1
Q

What does congenital renal disease most often result from?

A

Acquired developmental defect during gestation

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2
Q

Congenital renal anomalies should prompt what?

A

Evaluation of other organs

– simultaneous development

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3
Q

Prune Belly Syndrome usually occurs in?

A

Males

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4
Q

What are 4 possible characteristics of Prune Belly Syndrome?

A
  1. Bilateral Hydroureteronephrosis
  2. Vesicoureteral Reflux
  3. Renal Dysplasia
  4. Bilateral Cryptorchidism
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5
Q

What are 4 possible characteristics of Prune Belly Syndrome?

A
  1. Bilateral Hydroureteronephrosis
  2. Vesicoureteral Reflux
  3. Renal Dysplasia
  4. Bilateral Cryptorchidism
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6
Q

What is Hydroureteronephrosis and with what disease is it almost always present?

A

Kidney and ureter swell due to obstruction of urine flow

– Prune Belly Syndrome

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7
Q

What is the Vesicoureteral Reflux?

A

Urine flows in the opposite direction of normal

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8
Q

What is Cryptorchidism?

A

Testes are intra-abdominally at the level of the iliac arteries

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9
Q

Babies with Prune Belly Syndrome will likely develop what 2 infections and/or need a renal transplant?

A

UTI

Pyelonephritis

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10
Q

What is a hereditary malignant tumor of the kidneys?

A

Wilms tumor

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11
Q

When is Bilateral Agenesis of the kidneys seen?

A

Incompatibile with life – stillborns

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12
Q

Unilateral Agenesis of a kidney is compatible with life if no other issues are present. How will that one kidney that is present likely look and what may develop in it?

A

It will be enlarged due to adaptation

– glomerular sclerosis may form

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13
Q

If bilateral renal hypoplasia is present, what will present in early childhood?

A

Renal failure

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14
Q

What are the 3 characteristics of true renal hypoplasia?

A
  1. Seen in low birth weight infants
  2. NO scars
  3. < 6 lobes/pyramids
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15
Q

What are the 3 characteristics of true renal hypoplasia?

A
  1. Seen in low birth weight infants
  2. NO scars
  3. < 6 pyramids/lobes
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16
Q

Renal hypoplasia is usually ____

A

Unilateral

17
Q

What is a horseshoe kidney and where does it lie compared to the great vessels?

A

Fusion of the upper or lower poles of the kidneys

– anterior to great vessels

18
Q

Are ectopic kidneys possible?

A

Yes

19
Q

Congenital anomalies of the ureters are only clinically significant if they cause?

A

Obstruction of urine flow

20
Q

Describe the grades of the vesicoureteral reflux

A 
1 - into ureter
2 - into pelvis and calyces
3 - mild dilation
4 - dilation and ureteral tortuosity
5 - dilation, ureteral tortuosity, loss of papillary impressions
21
Q

Leaky valve allows urine to flow in both directions suggests?

A

Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR)

22
Q

What can Vesicoureteral Reflux cause?

A

Pyelonephritis

Loss of renal function

23
Q

Abnormal branching of the ureteric bud will cause?

A

Double/bifed ureters

24
Q

What is the most common cause of hydronephrosis (swelling) of the kidney?

A

Ureteropelvic junction obstruction

25
Q

In early life, males are more often affected with a Ureteropelvic Junction obstruction. What are the symptoms?

A 
Hydronephrosis
UTI
Hematuria
Sepsis
Azotemia
26
Q

In adult life, women are more commonly affected with a Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction. What are the symptoms?

A

UTI
Hematuria
Abdominal pain and vomiting

27
Q

What causes Ureteropelvic Junction Obstructions?

A

Abnormal smooth muscle bundles or excess collagen deposition

28
Q

Hydronephrosis, UTI, hematuria in a young male suggests?

A

Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction

29
Q

Where are the 3 normal constrictions of the ureter?

A
  1. Ureteropelvic junction
  2. Crossing external iliac A.
  3. As ureter traverses bladder wall
30
Q

Pouch-like invaginations that are usually in the bladder wall, small and asymptomatic

A

Diverticula

31
Q

What what predisposes Diverticula to be symptomatic and what can result?

A

Urinary stasis predisposes to infection, calculi and advanced carcinoma

32
Q

If a bladder diverticula is congenital, what likely caused it?

A

Failure of musculature development or tract obstruction in development

33
Q

Exstrophy of bladder

A

Bladder develops outside the body due to abdominal wall failure

34
Q

What is the bladder susceptible to if exstrophy of the bladder occurred?

A

Chronic infection

Colonic glandular metaplasia

35
Q

Malformation of the urethral groove causes?

A

Abnormal opening on the penis

2 - CPR (renal) (27 decks)

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