Penis/Testes/Epididymis Flashcards
What causes Hypospadias/Epispadias?
Malformation of the urethral groove
Hypospadias
Abnormal opening on the ventral surface of the penis
Epispadias
Abnormal opening on the dorsal surface of the penis
What defines Phimosis?
Orifice of the prepuce (foreskin) is too small to permit normal retraction
Orifice of the prepuce is too small to permit normal retraction
Phimosis
What usually causes Phimosis and what does it interfere with?
Infections that cause scarring
– Interferes with cleanliness
Inflammation of the penis usually involves what portions?
Glans
Prepuce
What are 2 benign tumors of the penis?
- Condyloma Acuminatum
2. Peyronie Disease
What are 2 benign tumors of the penis?
- Condyloma Acuminatum
2. Peyronie Disease
What causes Condyloma Acuminatum?
(benign tumor of the penis)
– Sexually transmitted wart from HPV6/11
What is Peyronie Disease?
(benign tumor of the penis)
= Hard penile plaques between the corpora cavernosa and tunica albuginea layers
What causes Peyronie Disease and thus what could the treatment be?
Collagen deposition between the corpora cavernosa and tunica albuginea layers
–> treatment = Collagenase
What are the symptoms of Peyronie Disease?
Penile curvature towards the side of the lesion and pain during intercourse
What are the symptoms of Peyronie Disease?
Penile curvature towards the side of the lesion and pain during intercourse
Malignant Neoplasms of the Penis are of what type?
Squamous
Squamous Neoplasia of the penis is commonly related to what infection?
HPV 16 or other high risk strains
What are 2 conditions that involve Squamous Neoplasia of the penis related to HPV 16 infection?
- Bowen Disease
2. Bowenoid Papulosis
Bowen Disease affects what age group and what are the findings?
Older males
= Solitary, grey-white plaque
(squamous neoplasia of the penis)
Bowenoid Papulosis affects what age group and what are the findings?
Younger sexually active males
= Multiple reddish-brown papular lesions
A solitary grey-white plaque on the penile shaft in an older male is likely what?
Bowen Disease
– Squamous neoplasia
Multiple reddish-brown papular lesions of the penile shaft in a younger sexually active man is likely what?
Bowenoid Papulosis
– Squamous Neoplasia
What is a Non-HPV related squamous Neoplasia of the foreskin of the penis?
Balantis Xerotica Obliterans
Invasive Squamous Carcinoma of the penis is associated with?
High risk HPV strains and poor hygiene
What confers protection against Invasive Squamous Carcinoma of the penis?
Circumcision
Invasive Squamous Carcinoma of the penis is related to HPV infection. What proteins does that activate?
E6
E7
What is the job of E6 with the pathogenesis of Invasive Squamous Carcinoma of the penis?
(-) P53
(+) Telomerase expression
What is the job of E7 with the pathogenesis of Invasive Squamous Carcinoma of the penis?
(-) RB
What are the symptoms/spread of Invasive Squamous Carcinoma of the penis?
Slow growing and NONpainful at first
– Inguinal lymph node spread only usually
Cryptorchidism is associated with what end results?
Testicular dysfunction
Sterility
INCREASED RISK OF TESTICULAR CANCER
Cryptorchidism – unilateral or bilateral and how does the undescended testes feel?
Unilateral
– small and firm
What are 2 defining morphologic findings with Cryptorchidism in the undescended testes?
- Basement membrane thickening of spermatic tubules
2. Loss of spermatogonia
What are 2 defining morphologic findings with Cryptorchidism in the undescended testes?
- Basement membrane thickening of spermatic tubules
2. Loss of spermatogonia
What are the symptoms of Cryptorchidism?
Asymptomatic
- empty scrotal sac
- -> Sterile
Inflammation and infections, are they more common in the testis or epididymis?
Epididymis
Epididymitis is usually related to UTI’s. In children what are the associations/agent?
GU abnormality
- Infection with Gram (-) rods
Epididymitis is usually related to UTI’s. In young men, what are the 2 most common agents?
C. Trachomatis
N. Gonnorhoeae
Epididymitis is usually related to UTI’s. In older men, what are the 2 most common agents?
E. coli
Pseudomonas
Orchitis
Inflammation/infection of the testes
What are some things that can cause Orchitis?
Mumps, TB, syphilis…
What is an emergent situation related to the testes?
Torsion
What is Torsion?
Twisting of the spermatic cord which cuts off venous drainage of the testes
What are the symptoms/findings with Torsion of the spermatic cord of the testes?
Swollen, painful testes
– testes is horizontal and superior
With Torsion, the testes must be untwisted within ____ hours and which way can you manually twist them?
Within 6 hours
– Medial to lateral twist
When lifting the scrotum with Torsion of the spermatic cord present, will there be pain?
YES
What reflex is absent with Torsion of the Spermatic cord?
(-) cremasteric reflex
What is the most common benign paratesticular tumor?
Adenomatoid tumor
What is the most common malignant paratesticular tumor?
Sarcomas
What is the most common spermatic cord lesion?
Lipomas
What are the symptoms of Torsion?
Swollen and painful testes
– Testicle lies horizontally and superiorly
What is the most common benign paratesticular tumor?
Adenomatoid tumor
