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2 - CPR (renal) > Penis/Testes/Epididymis > Flashcards

Penis/Testes/Epididymis Flashcards

1
Q

What causes Hypospadias/Epispadias?

A

Malformation of the urethral groove

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2
Q

Hypospadias

A

Abnormal opening on the ventral surface of the penis

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3
Q

Epispadias

A

Abnormal opening on the dorsal surface of the penis

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4
Q

What defines Phimosis?

A

Orifice of the prepuce (foreskin) is too small to permit normal retraction

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5
Q

Orifice of the prepuce is too small to permit normal retraction

A

Phimosis

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6
Q

What usually causes Phimosis and what does it interfere with?

A

Infections that cause scarring

– Interferes with cleanliness

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7
Q

Inflammation of the penis usually involves what portions?

A

Glans

Prepuce

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8
Q

What are 2 benign tumors of the penis?

A
  1. Condyloma Acuminatum

2. Peyronie Disease

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9
Q

What are 2 benign tumors of the penis?

A
  1. Condyloma Acuminatum

2. Peyronie Disease

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10
Q

What causes Condyloma Acuminatum?

A

(benign tumor of the penis)

– Sexually transmitted wart from HPV6/11

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11
Q

What is Peyronie Disease?

A

(benign tumor of the penis)

= Hard penile plaques between the corpora cavernosa and tunica albuginea layers

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12
Q

What causes Peyronie Disease and thus what could the treatment be?

A

Collagen deposition between the corpora cavernosa and tunica albuginea layers
–> treatment = Collagenase

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13
Q

What are the symptoms of Peyronie Disease?

A

Penile curvature towards the side of the lesion and pain during intercourse

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14
Q

What are the symptoms of Peyronie Disease?

A

Penile curvature towards the side of the lesion and pain during intercourse

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15
Q

Malignant Neoplasms of the Penis are of what type?

A

Squamous

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16
Q

Squamous Neoplasia of the penis is commonly related to what infection?

A

HPV 16 or other high risk strains

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17
Q

What are 2 conditions that involve Squamous Neoplasia of the penis related to HPV 16 infection?

A
  1. Bowen Disease

2. Bowenoid Papulosis

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18
Q

Bowen Disease affects what age group and what are the findings?

A

Older males
= Solitary, grey-white plaque
(squamous neoplasia of the penis)

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19
Q

Bowenoid Papulosis affects what age group and what are the findings?

A

Younger sexually active males

= Multiple reddish-brown papular lesions

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20
Q

A solitary grey-white plaque on the penile shaft in an older male is likely what?

A

Bowen Disease

– Squamous neoplasia

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21
Q

Multiple reddish-brown papular lesions of the penile shaft in a younger sexually active man is likely what?

A

Bowenoid Papulosis

– Squamous Neoplasia

22
Q

What is a Non-HPV related squamous Neoplasia of the foreskin of the penis?

A

Balantis Xerotica Obliterans

23
Q

Invasive Squamous Carcinoma of the penis is associated with?

A

High risk HPV strains and poor hygiene

24
Q

What confers protection against Invasive Squamous Carcinoma of the penis?

A

Circumcision

25
Q

Invasive Squamous Carcinoma of the penis is related to HPV infection. What proteins does that activate?

A

E6

E7

26
Q

What is the job of E6 with the pathogenesis of Invasive Squamous Carcinoma of the penis?

A

(-) P53

(+) Telomerase expression

27
Q

What is the job of E7 with the pathogenesis of Invasive Squamous Carcinoma of the penis?

A

(-) RB

28
Q

What are the symptoms/spread of Invasive Squamous Carcinoma of the penis?

A

Slow growing and NONpainful at first

– Inguinal lymph node spread only usually

29
Q

Cryptorchidism is associated with what end results?

A

Testicular dysfunction
Sterility
INCREASED RISK OF TESTICULAR CANCER

30
Q

Cryptorchidism – unilateral or bilateral and how does the undescended testes feel?

A

Unilateral

– small and firm

31
Q

What are 2 defining morphologic findings with Cryptorchidism in the undescended testes?

A
  1. Basement membrane thickening of spermatic tubules

2. Loss of spermatogonia

32
Q

What are 2 defining morphologic findings with Cryptorchidism in the undescended testes?

A
  1. Basement membrane thickening of spermatic tubules

2. Loss of spermatogonia

33
Q

What are the symptoms of Cryptorchidism?

A

Asymptomatic

    • empty scrotal sac
  • -> Sterile
34
Q

Inflammation and infections, are they more common in the testis or epididymis?

A

Epididymis

35
Q

Epididymitis is usually related to UTI’s. In children what are the associations/agent?

A

GU abnormality

- Infection with Gram (-) rods

36
Q

Epididymitis is usually related to UTI’s. In young men, what are the 2 most common agents?

A

C. Trachomatis

N. Gonnorhoeae

37
Q

Epididymitis is usually related to UTI’s. In older men, what are the 2 most common agents?

A

E. coli

Pseudomonas

38
Q

Orchitis

A

Inflammation/infection of the testes

39
Q

What are some things that can cause Orchitis?

A

Mumps, TB, syphilis…

40
Q

What is an emergent situation related to the testes?

A

Torsion

41
Q

What is Torsion?

A

Twisting of the spermatic cord which cuts off venous drainage of the testes

42
Q

What are the symptoms/findings with Torsion of the spermatic cord of the testes?

A

Swollen, painful testes

– testes is horizontal and superior

43
Q

With Torsion, the testes must be untwisted within ____ hours and which way can you manually twist them?

A

Within 6 hours

– Medial to lateral twist

44
Q

When lifting the scrotum with Torsion of the spermatic cord present, will there be pain?

A

YES

45
Q

What reflex is absent with Torsion of the Spermatic cord?

A

(-) cremasteric reflex

46
Q

What is the most common benign paratesticular tumor?

A

Adenomatoid tumor

47
Q

What is the most common malignant paratesticular tumor?

A

Sarcomas

48
Q

What is the most common spermatic cord lesion?

A

Lipomas

49
Q

What are the symptoms of Torsion?

A

Swollen and painful testes

– Testicle lies horizontally and superiorly

50
Q

What is the most common benign paratesticular tumor?

A

Adenomatoid tumor

2 - CPR (renal) (27 decks)

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