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Renal > Testicular cancer > Flashcards

Testicular cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common solid cancer in men aged 20-45?

A

Testicular cancer

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2
Q

What are the 2 main types of testicular cancer?

A

Seminomatous
Teratoma

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3
Q

What are some other types of testicular cancer?

A

Yolk-sac tumours
Embryonal cell carcinoma
Choriocarcinoma
Mixed germ cell tumours

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4
Q

What are some mixed germ cell tumours?

A

Sex cord stromal
Lydia cell tumours
Sertoli cell tumours

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5
Q

What age range most commonly gets seminomatous testicular cancer?

A

Ages 35-45

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6
Q

What age range most commonly gets non-seminomatous (Teratoma) testicular cancer?

A

< 35 years

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7
Q

What are some risk factors of testicular cancer

A
  • White caucasian
  • Previous testicular cancer
  • Cryptoorchidism
  • HIV
  • Family history
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8
Q

How much does cryptorchidism increase testicular cancer risk

A
  • Orchidopexy < 13 years old = 2x risk
  • Orchidopexy > 13 years old = 5x risk
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9
Q

Where do seminomas form from?

A

Seminiferous tubules

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10
Q

What is the cure rate of seminoma

A

95% - Extremely responsive to radiotherapy even if relatively advanced

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of teratoma?

A
  • Very aggressive
  • Metastasise
  • Usually associated with other non-seminomatous cell type cancers
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12
Q

Characteristics of yolk sac tumour

A

Can produce alpha feto-protein

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13
Q

Characteristics of embryonal cell carcinoma

A
  • Aggressive
  • Looks high grade
  • Associated with frequent metastasis
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14
Q

Characteristics of choriocarcinoma

A

Positive for ß-HCG and positive pregnancy test

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15
Q

What are some symptoms of testicular cancer

A
  • Scrotal lump
  • Delayed presentation occasionally seen
  • Acute pain due to bleeding
  • Symptoms of advanced disease: weight loss, neck lumps, chest symptoms or bone pain
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16
Q

What re some signs of testicular cancer?

A
  • Asymmetry or slight scrotal discolouration
  • Hard, non-tender, irregular mass mostly intratesticular
  • Assess involvement of epididymis, spermatic cord and scrotal skin
  • Secondary hydrocele
  • Abdominal mass, lymphadenopathy - advanced disease
17
Q

What investigations are required in testicular cancer

A

Imaging - US testicle, CT CAP
Bloods

18
Q

What blood tests are required in testicular cancer

A

Tumour markers
FBC
LFTs
Renal function tests

19
Q

What are some tumour markers for testicular cancer

A

Alpha-fetoprotein - Teratomas
ß-HCG - Teratomas > Seminomas
Lactate dehydrogenase

20
Q

How is testicular cancer managed?

A
  • CT staging
  • Radical inguinal orchidectomy
  • 1 week post-op tumour markers
  • Adjuvant chemotherapy
21
Q

What are some supportive management techniques required with radical inguinal orchidectomy?

A

Sperm preservation
Testicular prosthesis

22
Q
A

Renal (41 decks)

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