Cystitis Flashcards
What is cystitis?
Inflammation of the bladder
What are some causes of cystitis
UTI
Parasites
In-dwelling catheters
Interstitial (Aseptic) cystitis
Cystitis cystica
What is the main parasite that can cause cystitis?
Schistosomiasis haematobium
How does schistosomiasis cause cystitis
Fresh water snails release the water-borne parasite into rivers or lakes
S. haematobium penetrates the skin of a person swimming and lays its eggs in the bladder
This causes persistent inflammation as the body isn’t good of getting rid of eggs
What is a possible complication of schistosomiasis?
Persistant inflammation due to eggs can lead to squamous metaplasia and eventually squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
How does schistosomiasis present?
- Haematuria
- Hydronephrosis
- Renal failure
- SCC
Describe the histology of schistosomiasis
Schistosome eggs with surrounding granulomatous inflammation, haemorrhage or ulceration
What is a risk of in-dwelling catheters?
- an result in persistent inflammation
- Persistence of injury → scarring, metaplasia and SCC
Who is most at risk of SCC in cases of in-dwelling catheter cystitis
Hugely problematic if paraplegic for example - lack of sensory feedback of irritation
What is thought to be the cause of interstitial cystitis?
may be hypersensitivity reaction or autoimmune
How does interstitial (aseptic) cystitis present and show on investigation?
- Persistent symptoms of dysuria and frequency
- Persistently negative cultures and urinalysis
- Variable pathology - some inflammation, congestion, mast cells
What is cystitis cystica?
- Descriptive term, doesn’t identify any cause
- Reactive infolding of bladder mucosa into cysts
