Test Yourself Chapter 8 Flashcards
What term best describes wandering thoughts
Cognition
T/F: people know what they’re thinking about at every given moment
False
We have have images of what a unicorn looks like in our mind. What is this called?
Mental representation
What type of concept is demonstrated when one child has a similar nose and chin as their father, and a second child has the fathers nose and eyes but their mothers chin?
Family resemblance
T/F: things that are more different from a prototype can be challenging to identify
True
Consider the concept of “sharks.” How would the category of “hammerhead sharks” relate to it?
Subordinate concept
What type of problem is demonstrated when asked the question: what English word can be produced by rearranging the letters MPORLEB?
Well-defined problems
Solving the climate crisis of finding a job for next summer are examples of what type of problem is this?
Ill-defined problem
Solving a Rubix cube uses what kind of problem solving technique?
Algorithms
What is it called when you have an “aha” moment
Insight
T/F: being in a good mood makes insight more likely
True
You need to calculate your yearly income by multiplying your weekly paycheck by 52. Unfortunately, you don’t have a calculator handy, so you multiply the numbers on paper like you did back in school. What kind of procedure are you using to solve your problem?
An algorithm
What concept is demonstrated when many medical professionals drew on their evidence based understanding of how to prevent influenza when explaining how to prevent the spread of COVID-19
Mental set
In the game of hearts, the Queen of Spades is almost always a card you want to get rid of. Darna is a champion Hearts player, but she has just begin playing poker. Despite queens being good card to hold onto in poker, Dana’s instincts tell her to discard the Queen of Spades whenever it is dealt to her. Dana’s prior experience with Hearts is influencing her poker-playing through what mechanism?
Mental set
T/F: we have unlimited attention, memory, and processing power
False
Serafina is applying to colleges. However, she is interested in dozens of colleges-so far too many to invest the time and money to apply to. According to _______, her best bet is to deliberately arrow her pool to a smaller number of options, based on the limited information she has about each college.
Bounded rationality
Your belief that your roommate is a slob may mean that you notice when she leaves dirty dishes in the sink while failing to acknowledge that she takes out the trash twice a week. What is this belief an example of?
Confirmation bias (and the belief perseverance it causes)
Advertisers routinely exploit the affect heuristic to influence the decisions of consumers. Which of the following techniques would use positive affect to improve a consumers chances of buying a product?
Showing physically attractive people using the product
A debate is organized and the audience is evenly divided with respect to which side they agree with. Assuming both debaters have roughly equal skill, what is the likely outcome for the audience?
They will tend to leave the debate even more persuaded of their prior views than when they arrived
A common sales technique is the “door-in-the-face” technique. To use this technique, the seller first quotes a price that is outlandishly high, knowing the customer will almost certainly refuse. They then follow up with a second, much more reasonable price. Why is this technique usually more successful than simply naming the more reasonable price up front?
The first price changes the customer’s reference point, so the lower price seems like huge savings
After a closely contested election, a friend tells you that he did not vote because he knew ahead of time who would win. When pressed, he responds, “Well, I was right, wasn’t I?” What effect likely contributes to your friend’s current certainty about how he felt on Election Day?
Hindsight bias
In the phrase “weeping willow,” “ing” is an example of what component of language?
Morpheme
Complete the following statement in the way that would be most consistent with Whorf’s hypothesis of linguistic determinism: “Someone who has never learned any words pertaining to or describing sadness….
…will not experience sadness”
Which language-related ability usually develops first in young children?
Being able to distinguish between the phonemes of all languages
What is a sentence that demonstrates overregularization?
“In my dream I catched two gooses!”
What unique feature of Nicaraguan sign language (NSL), used by deaf children in Nicaragua, gives us special insight into how language is learned?
It arose spontaneously, invented by deaf children who had no adult teachers
In the context of language acquisition, what best describes the “sensitive period”?
A window during which language acquisition is facilitated
What is theorized to be a component(s) of Spearman’s general intelligence factor, g?
Fluid intelligence, Crystallized intelligence
Under the testing paradigm or Binet and Simon, what would it mean for a boy to take a standardized test and to have a mental age of 8 years, but a physical age of 9 years?
The boy’s performance is comparable to that of an average 8-year-old on the same test
Ariadne has her intelligence measured using the WAIS as part of a scientific study. Three months later, she is recruited by the same lab to participate in a second study. With her permission, they reuse her WAIS scores from the first study rather than readministering the test. On what grounds can this decision be justified?
Reliability
