Test Yourself Chapter 9 Flashcards
After a long day outside at the swimming pool, Alex finds that he is somewhat dehydrated from being in the sun. He quickly drinks two large glasses of water, and he continues sipping water for the rest of the evening until he no longer feels so parched.
In this case, Alex’s thirst is an example of what?
Drive
The pain matrix is a distributed set of brain regions that underlies both the sensory and emotional components of pain and gives rise to the associated behavioral response, which is often withdrawal. Which of the following regions of the brain is part of this matrix?
Amygdala
Lilly is working for her mother’s landscaping business. Every week she spends at least three days, eight hours per day, weeding gardens, mowing lawns, and planting shrubs.
Although she never says it, Lilly secretly hates the work and only does it because she gets paid a good hourly wage and makes excellent money in tips. What term best describes Lilly’s motivation to do this work?
Extrinsic
Paramjit wants to conduct a study on the body’s regulation of hunger. He knows that in one classic study, rats received a surgical lesion to the ventromedial hypothalamus, which interfered with the rats’ ability to feel full. By the same token, Paramjit hypothesizes that a lesion to rats’ lateral hypothalamus would suppress hunger signals, leading to decreased eating. Which theory does Paramjit’s hypothesis align with?
Dual-center theory
The text suggests that one reason why the United States may have a higher rate of obesity than some other countries is because of the existence of a unit bias. What is meant by this term?
United States citizens think that a larger food portion counts as a serving size
Travis has had an eating disorder for several years. As part of his illness, he regularly engages in self-induced vomiting after he eats. He feels that this will prevent him from gaining weight. He also regularly takes high doses of laxatives so that food will “go right through him,” and he exercises between 2 and 3 hours every day to stay slender.
Together, all of these actions are examples of what type of behavior?
Compensatory
Which hypothesis suggests that human ancestors may have benefitted from having efficient metabolisms that stored fat for times when food was less plentiful? Such an evolutionary benefit thousands of years ago may now be a disadvantage that results in epidemic levels of obesity
Thrifty gene hypothesis
What are the findings regarding the relationship between exposure to sexually explicit materials (I.e., pornography) and outcomes resulting from one’s sexual practices?
The research is unclear, with different studies providing contradictory findings
Orlando is a 22-year-old man. Which genetic influence would make it most likely that he identifies as gay?
He has an identical twin who is gay
Why is the need to belong understood, at least in part, as a function of drive reduction?
Belongingness helps to stave off feelings of rejection and loneliness, both of which are psychologically unpleasant
Melissa is taking graduate courses in advanced organic chemistry, and she spends a lot of time studying. She is intensely interested in understanding how chemical processes work, and she tends to study topics even after she has done well on exams.
“I just want to comprehend these things at the highest level,” she tells her friend. What term best describes Melissa’s approach to her studies?
Mastery orientation
Kumail dares Svetlana to drive her car at 100 miles per hour on a busy highway. If Svetlana accepts the dare, which level of Maslow’s hierarchy of motives is she challenging?
Safety
When Michael, representing the United States, won an Olympic swimming event and earned the gold medal, he shouted in joy, screamed in excitement, and threw his hands in the air. When Bao, representing China, won the diving event later that day, he simply smiled and avoided any outward signs of extreme happiness. These responses may be explained by cultural differences in which of the following?
Display rules
You and your friends have just taken a rough exam. At lunch, you ask them how they’re feeling about their performance on it. What would a friend with alexithymia say?
“I feel bad”
In what way is a person’s overall level of happiness proposed to be similar to one’s weight?
Both may have a set point that determines a normal amount of happiness or weight
Which theory of emotion suggests that it is not easy to distinguish the bodily changes that accompany different emotions?
The Cannon-Bard theory
Professor Spiegelman attends a faculty training on how to handle emergency situations in the classroom. The head of campus security tells the group, “If you feel afraid-if something seems wrong—trust your instinct and take precautions.” This advice is most consistent with which perspective of emotions?
Affect-as-information
What is the best definition of self-control?
The effort to curb one’s immediate impulses to serve longer-term concerns
Childhood self control predicts what outcome?
Relatively high levels of income
When Bernard is informed by his boss that he has not been selected for a prestigious promotion, he bites his lip, smiles, and says, “Well, thank you for considering me for the role!” Later, when he is alone, Bernard yells out loud and uses some choice language to vent his frustration. Bernard’s behavior in the presence of his boss is an example of what?
Suppression
What can only change within narrow limits, or else we are at severe risk of harm or death?
The internal conditions in the extracellular fluid that surrounds our cells
What brain center helps control your sympathetic nervous system?
Hypothalamus
