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Abnormal Psychology > Test III Pt I > Flashcards

Test III Pt I Flashcards

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0
Q

Multifactorial polygenic disorders

A

Disorder that arises as a result of more than two relevant genes as well as environmental contributors

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1
Q

Schiz: diathesis stress theory

A

hizophrenia symptoms are triggered or worsened when environmental stressors (stress) act upon a biological vulnerability (diathesis) to the disease

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2
Q

Features of polygenic disorders

A

Gradations of severity
Not rare
Ill relatives appear in families of both parents

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3
Q

Predisposition to schiz

A

Polygenic disorder that causes predisposition

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4
Q

Schiz: assets and liabilities

A

Things that protect one from schiz

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5
Q

Lifetime risk for relatives of people with schiz

A

3% for second degree

10% for first degree

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6
Q

Morbid risk for children of schiz twins

A

Q

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7
Q

Concordance rate for MZ twins (schiz)

A

48%

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8
Q

Concordance rates for DZ twins (schiz)

A

17%

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9
Q

Concordance rate for identical twins reared apart (schiz)

A

64%

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10
Q

Most research for schiz supports which hypothesis?

A

Drift

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11
Q

4 Adoption research strategies (schiz)

A
  1. Examine grown up, adopted away offspring of parents w schiz
  2. Begin w grown up adoptees w schiz, and then evaluate psych status of bio and adoptive relatives
  3. Cross fostering
  4. Examine adopted away children of parents w schiz, and study their adoptive families longitudinally to contrast the families of those who develop schiz and those who don’t.
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12
Q

Hestons adoption study 1966

A

Morbid risk w schiz mom was 16% as compared to 0% in other adoptees

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13
Q

The Kety strategy

A

Begin with grown up adoptees w schiz, then evaluate psych status of bio and adoptive relatives. Kety found that schiz was far more prevalent in bio relatives.

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14
Q

Wender’s cross fostering research

A

4.8% of cross fostered group developed schiz

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15
Q

Why are psychosocial factors difficult to study? (4)

A
  1. Difficult to measure events occurring 10-20 years before onset of disorder
  2. Psychosocial processes are more subtle
  3. Events likely to act cumulatively
  4. Events interact with individual vulnerabilities
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16
Q

Schofield & Balian study of family risk factors
Examined what?
Findings?

A

Examined self reported early life histories of a group of people w schiz and a normal control group
Found normal controls and people w schiz did not differ in reports of early family problems

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17
Q

Schizophrenogenic mother

A

Schizo causing mother, who set it in motion by appearing to be self sacrificing but in reality are using the child as a means to meet their own needs

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18
Q

Vaughn and Leff’s study of relapse rates as a function of EE and medication

A

Suggests going home to family w high EE is a factor in relapse, especially when a lot of time is spent together.

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19
Q

Effectiveness of family intervention to prevent relapse

A

Studies suggest if you work w families on lowering EE it lowers the risk of relapse

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20
Q

Psychodynamic explanation (schiz)

A

Regression to pro ego stage
Efforts to reestablish ego control
Result of cold or unnurturing parents or trauma
Little research support

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21
Q

Behavioral view (schiz)

A

Operant conditioning reinforced for bizarre behaviors, but not reinforced for positive behaviors

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22
Q

Cognitive view (schiz)

A

Problems w attention, got confused and form unusual schemas. Delusions are their way of making sense of the schemas

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23
Q

Ethnic differences (schiz)

A

More blacks diagnosed with schiz and over represented in hospitals. More Mexicans than whites also

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24
Q

Course and outcome in developing countries (schiz)

A

Is better in less developed countries, probably due to family support

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25
Q

Social labeling (schiz)

A

Becomes self fulfilling prophecy that promotes its development

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26
Q

Double bind hypothesis (schiz)

A

Theory that some parents repeatedly communicate pairs of messages that are mutually contradictory, helping to produce schiz in their children

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27
Q

Expressed emotion (schiz)

A

General level of criticism, disapproval, and hostility expressed in a family

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28
Q

RD Laing’s perspective

A

People try to Cure themselves of the confusion and unhappiness caused by their social environment, usually have difficult obstacles, experienced confusing communications from others

29
Q

Cross fostering

A

Study children of normal parents, some of whom are adopted into a home where the parent later developed schiz

30
Q

Bio mom w schiz, adopted mom w out

A

4%

31
Q

Bio mom w out schiz, adopted mom w out

A

0%

32
Q

Bio mom w out schiz, adopted mom w

A

5%

33
Q

Bio mom with schiz, bio mom with schiz

A

14%

35
Q

What does family factor research suggest in relation To schiz?

A

Quality of parenting does not predict who gets 1st episode

36
Q

4 key components of preventing relapse (schiz)

A

Accept illness
Find humor
Find balance
Realistic expectations

55
Q

Cross fostering research suggests what in relation to schizophrenia?

A

There is both a genetic and environmental component to schiz

56
Q

Diagnosis anorexia

A

Restricted intake of nourishment, intense fear of gaining weight, significantly underweight, disturbed body perception

57
Q

Anorexia prevalence

A

1/2-4% of women

58
Q

Anorexia prognosis

A

1/4 aren’t responsive to treatment

59
Q

Anorexia medical complications

A 
Amenorrhea 
Lower body temp and blood pressure
Body swelling
Skin problems
Heart failure
60
Q

Restricting type anorexia

A

Restrict their diet

61
Q

Binge purge type anorexia

A

Cycles similar to bulimia

62
Q

Amenorrhea

A

Absence of menstrual cycles

63
Q

Bulimia diagnosis

A

Recurrent binge episodes
Recurrent compensatory behavior
Symptoms continuing at least once a week for three months
Influence of weight on self evaluation

64
Q

Prevalence bulimia

A

Q

65
Q

Definition of a binge

A

I

66
Q

Compensatory behaviors bulimia

A

Forcing vomit
Using laxatives
Fasting
Exercising excessively

67
Q

Prognosis bulimia

A

20% don’t get any better

1/3 eventually relapse

68
Q

Medical complications bulimia

A

W

69
Q

Binge eating disorder

A

Eat large amounts of food without engaging in compensatory behaviors

70
Q

Multidimensional risk perspective eating disorders

A

Identifies several kinds of risk factors that are thought to combine to help cause a disorder

71
Q

Psychodynamic causal factors eating disorders

A

Disturbed mother child interactions that cause ego deficiencies and poor sense of independence and self control

72
Q

Cognitive causal factors eating disorders

A

Improperly label internal sensations and needs generating little feeling of self control and desire to obtain the control; result of poor parenting

73
Q

Depression as a causal factor of eating disorders

A

Many more people with eating disorders qualify for major depressive disorder than those of the general population

74
Q

Serotonin and eating disorders

A

Many people with ED have low serotonin activity

75
Q

Hypothalamus and eating disorders

A

Regulates eating

76
Q

Lateral hypothalamus and eating disorders

A

Produces hunger when its activated

77
Q

Ventromedial hypothalamus and eating disorders

A

Reduces hunger when activated

78
Q

Weight set point

A

Weight level that a person is predisposed to maintain controlled in part by the hypothalamus

79
Q

Enmeshed family pattern and ED

A

Can increase chances of relapse and are usually more emotionally charged and involved

80
Q

Racial and ethnic differences ED

A

Q

81
Q

Gender differences ED

A

95% women for all disorders except binge

82
Q

Hospitalization and refeeding Anorexia

A

Can save lives but makes patient become even more untrusting and resistant to further treatment

83
Q

CBT for anorexia

A

Keep food diary

Challenges attitudes that they should be judged by weight

84
Q

Family therapy and anorexia

A

Research shows it’s helpful in treating and preventing relapse

85
Q

Behavioral therapy for bulimia

A

Food diary

Exposure and response prevention

86
Q

Cognitive therapy for bulimia

A

Works on challenging maladaptive attitudes and thoughts that make them binge and change self concept

87
Q

Medication for bulimia

A

Often helped by antidepressants especially when used in combination with therapy but usually a last resort

88
Q

Treatments for binge eating disorder

A

Similar to bulimia but more specialized programs are being developed

89
Q

Gender gap binge eating disorder

A

Not a large gender gap

Abnormal Psychology (9 decks)

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