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Abnormal Psychology > Test III Pt I > Flashcards

Test III Pt I Flashcards

0
Q

Multifactorial polygenic disorders

A

Disorder that arises as a result of more than two relevant genes as well as environmental contributors

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1
Q

Schiz: diathesis stress theory

A

hizophrenia symptoms are triggered or worsened when environmental stressors (stress) act upon a biological vulnerability (diathesis) to the disease

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2
Q

Features of polygenic disorders

A

Gradations of severity
Not rare
Ill relatives appear in families of both parents

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3
Q

Predisposition to schiz

A

Polygenic disorder that causes predisposition

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4
Q

Schiz: assets and liabilities

A

Things that protect one from schiz

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5
Q

Lifetime risk for relatives of people with schiz

A

3% for second degree

10% for first degree

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6
Q

Morbid risk for children of schiz twins

A

Q

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7
Q

Concordance rate for MZ twins (schiz)

A

48%

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8
Q

Concordance rates for DZ twins (schiz)

A

17%

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9
Q

Concordance rate for identical twins reared apart (schiz)

A

64%

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10
Q

Most research for schiz supports which hypothesis?

A

Drift

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11
Q

4 Adoption research strategies (schiz)

A
  1. Examine grown up, adopted away offspring of parents w schiz
  2. Begin w grown up adoptees w schiz, and then evaluate psych status of bio and adoptive relatives
  3. Cross fostering
  4. Examine adopted away children of parents w schiz, and study their adoptive families longitudinally to contrast the families of those who develop schiz and those who don’t.
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12
Q

Hestons adoption study 1966

A

Morbid risk w schiz mom was 16% as compared to 0% in other adoptees

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13
Q

The Kety strategy

A

Begin with grown up adoptees w schiz, then evaluate psych status of bio and adoptive relatives. Kety found that schiz was far more prevalent in bio relatives.

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14
Q

Wender’s cross fostering research

A

4.8% of cross fostered group developed schiz

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15
Q

Why are psychosocial factors difficult to study? (4)

A
  1. Difficult to measure events occurring 10-20 years before onset of disorder
  2. Psychosocial processes are more subtle
  3. Events likely to act cumulatively
  4. Events interact with individual vulnerabilities
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16
Q

Schofield & Balian study of family risk factors
Examined what?
Findings?

A

Examined self reported early life histories of a group of people w schiz and a normal control group
Found normal controls and people w schiz did not differ in reports of early family problems

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17
Q

Schizophrenogenic mother

A

Schizo causing mother, who set it in motion by appearing to be self sacrificing but in reality are using the child as a means to meet their own needs

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18
Q

Vaughn and Leff’s study of relapse rates as a function of EE and medication

A

Suggests going home to family w high EE is a factor in relapse, especially when a lot of time is spent together.

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19
Q

Effectiveness of family intervention to prevent relapse

A

Studies suggest if you work w families on lowering EE it lowers the risk of relapse

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20
Q

Psychodynamic explanation (schiz)

A

Regression to pro ego stage
Efforts to reestablish ego control
Result of cold or unnurturing parents or trauma
Little research support

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21
Q

Behavioral view (schiz)

A

Operant conditioning reinforced for bizarre behaviors, but not reinforced for positive behaviors

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22
Q

Cognitive view (schiz)

A

Problems w attention, got confused and form unusual schemas. Delusions are their way of making sense of the schemas

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23
Q

Ethnic differences (schiz)

A

More blacks diagnosed with schiz and over represented in hospitals. More Mexicans than whites also

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24
Course and outcome in developing countries (schiz)
Is better in less developed countries, probably due to family support
25
Social labeling (schiz)
Becomes self fulfilling prophecy that promotes its development
26
Double bind hypothesis (schiz)
Theory that some parents repeatedly communicate pairs of messages that are mutually contradictory, helping to produce schiz in their children
27
Expressed emotion (schiz)
General level of criticism, disapproval, and hostility expressed in a family
28
RD Laing's perspective
People try to Cure themselves of the confusion and unhappiness caused by their social environment, usually have difficult obstacles, experienced confusing communications from others
29
Cross fostering
Study children of normal parents, some of whom are adopted into a home where the parent later developed schiz
30
Bio mom w schiz, adopted mom w out
4%
31
Bio mom w out schiz, adopted mom w out
0%
32
Bio mom w out schiz, adopted mom w
5%
33
Bio mom with schiz, bio mom with schiz
14%
35
What does family factor research suggest in relation To schiz?
Quality of parenting does not predict who gets 1st episode
36
4 key components of preventing relapse (schiz)
Accept illness Find humor Find balance Realistic expectations
55
Cross fostering research suggests what in relation to schizophrenia?
There is both a genetic and environmental component to schiz
56
Diagnosis anorexia
Restricted intake of nourishment, intense fear of gaining weight, significantly underweight, disturbed body perception
57
Anorexia prevalence
1/2-4% of women
58
Anorexia prognosis
1/4 aren't responsive to treatment
59
Anorexia medical complications
``` Amenorrhea Lower body temp and blood pressure Body swelling Skin problems Heart failure ```
60
Restricting type anorexia
Restrict their diet
61
Binge purge type anorexia
Cycles similar to bulimia
62
Amenorrhea
Absence of menstrual cycles
63
Bulimia diagnosis
Recurrent binge episodes Recurrent compensatory behavior Symptoms continuing at least once a week for three months Influence of weight on self evaluation
64
Prevalence bulimia
Q
65
Definition of a binge
I
66
Compensatory behaviors bulimia
Forcing vomit Using laxatives Fasting Exercising excessively
67
Prognosis bulimia
20% don't get any better | 1/3 eventually relapse
68
Medical complications bulimia
W
69
Binge eating disorder
Eat large amounts of food without engaging in compensatory behaviors
70
Multidimensional risk perspective eating disorders
Identifies several kinds of risk factors that are thought to combine to help cause a disorder
71
Psychodynamic causal factors eating disorders
Disturbed mother child interactions that cause ego deficiencies and poor sense of independence and self control
72
Cognitive causal factors eating disorders
Improperly label internal sensations and needs generating little feeling of self control and desire to obtain the control; result of poor parenting
73
Depression as a causal factor of eating disorders
Many more people with eating disorders qualify for major depressive disorder than those of the general population
74
Serotonin and eating disorders
Many people with ED have low serotonin activity
75
Hypothalamus and eating disorders
Regulates eating
76
Lateral hypothalamus and eating disorders
Produces hunger when its activated
77
Ventromedial hypothalamus and eating disorders
Reduces hunger when activated
78
Weight set point
Weight level that a person is predisposed to maintain controlled in part by the hypothalamus
79
Enmeshed family pattern and ED
Can increase chances of relapse and are usually more emotionally charged and involved
80
Racial and ethnic differences ED
Q
81
Gender differences ED
95% women for all disorders except binge
82
Hospitalization and refeeding Anorexia
Can save lives but makes patient become even more untrusting and resistant to further treatment
83
CBT for anorexia
Keep food diary | Challenges attitudes that they should be judged by weight
84
Family therapy and anorexia
Research shows it's helpful in treating and preventing relapse
85
Behavioral therapy for bulimia
Food diary | Exposure and response prevention
86
Cognitive therapy for bulimia
Works on challenging maladaptive attitudes and thoughts that make them binge and change self concept
87
Medication for bulimia
Often helped by antidepressants especially when used in combination with therapy but usually a last resort
88
Treatments for binge eating disorder
Similar to bulimia but more specialized programs are being developed
89
Gender gap binge eating disorder
Not a large gender gap

Abnormal Psychology (9 decks)

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