Exam III Pt III Flashcards
Prenatal virus exposure and schiz
Exposure to influenza virus during pregnancy or viruses that enter fetuses brain and interrupt brain development, or remain dormant until puberty or adulthood when triggered
Structural changes in the brain associated with schiz
Enlarged ventricles Smaller temporal and frontal lobes Smaller amounts of cortical gray matter Abnormal blood flow Reduced activity in frontal cortex
Enlarged ventricles (schiz) associated mostly w what symptoms?
May be a sign that parts of the brain did not develop properly or have been damaged, associated with negative symptoms of schiz
Original dopamine hypothesis (schiz)
Too much dopamine
Problems with dopamine hypothesis (schiz)
Many people don’t respond to dopamine lowering drugs
Even though dopamine is increased immediately
Re formulated dopamine hypothesis (schiz)
Excess dopamine activity in the metolimbic system and low dopamine activity in prefrontal cortex
Atypical antipsychotic drugs (schiz)
Often more effective than traditional drugs and suggest schiz is related to abnormal activity of both dopamine and serotonin
State hospitals
Made for patients who could not afford private care
Milieu therapy
Humanistic approach to institutional treatment based on belief that institutions can help patients recover by creating a climate that promotes self respect and responsibility
Token economy programs
Behavioral program in which a desirable behaviors are reinforced systematically by awarding tokens that can be exchanged for goods and privileges
Antipsychotic drugs (schiz)
Help correct grossly confused or distorted thinking, almost always a part of treatment
Neuroleptic drugs (schiz) more effective for what types of symptoms?
Antipsychotic drugs that produce undesired effects similar to those of neuro disorders, more effective w positive symptoms
Extrapyramidal side effects (schiz)
Unwanted movements produced by conventional antipsychotic drugs
Effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs
Reduce symptoms in 65% or more and show to be more effective than any other treatment alone but patients often dislike the powerful effects of the drugs and refuse to take them
Parkinsonian symptoms
Conventional anti psych drug effect that reflects features of Parkinson’s
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Severe reaction from traditional anti psych drugs consisting of muscle rigidity fever and altered consciousness
Tardive dyskinesia
Appear in some patients after they have taken conventional antipsychotic drugs for a period of time
Agranulocytosis
Life threatening reduction in white blood cells sometimes produced by antipsychotic drug clozapine
CBT for schiz
Convince clients of the disorder Learn more about delusions Teach them to more accurately interpret symptoms Techniques for coping Main goal is acceptance
Family therapy for schiz
Guidance training and education about the disorder to develop more realistic expectations and become more tolerant in communication
Social therapy for schiz
Practical advice and problem solving
Social Skills
Helps them find work and appropriate assistance and housing
Community approach
Research shows they profit greatly from it but revolving door syndrome can occur
Deinstitutionalization
Exodus of hundreds of thousands of patients with long term mental disorders from state institutions into the community
Features of effective community care
Coordinated services Short term hospitalization Partial hospitalization Supervised residences Occupational training
Community mental health center
Treatment facility that provides medication psychotherapy and emergency care for psychological problems and coordinates treatment in the community
Aftercare
Program of post hospitalization care and treatment in the community
Day center
Program that offers hospital like treatment during the day only
Halfway house
Residence for people with severe mental problems often staffed by paraprofessional a
Sheltered workshop
Supervised workplace for people who are not yet ready for competitive jobs
Case manager
Community therapist who offers a full range of services for people with severe psych disorders
How has community treatment failed?
Poor coordination of services
Shortage of services
Social biology
Study of biological and sociocultural factors that influence human populations
Excess mortality and schiz
People with schiz die younger, could be linked to medication effects
Cancer and schiz
Less likely to get cancer than normal population
Suicide and schiz
10%, often impulsive
Schiz and violence
Not common but media portrays it as such
Schiz and residence
About 50% of schiz patients live with family
Prenatal hypoxia
Increased risk of schiz
Paraphilias
Recurrent and intense sexual urges fantasies or behaviors involving non human objects children of experiences of suffering or humiliation
Paraphilic disorder
Individuals Paraphilia causes great distress or interferes with social or occupational activities or puts them or others at risk of harm
Fetishistic disorder
Recurrent and intense sexual urges that involve use of a nonliving object or nongenital part often to the exclusion of all other stimuli
Masturbatory satiation
Behavioral treatment in which a client masturbates for a long period of time while fantasizing in detail about a paraliphic object, trying to produce feelings of boredom linked to the object
Orgasmic reorientation
Procedure for treating certain Paraphilas by teaching clients to respond to new and more appropriate sources of sexual stimulation
Transvestic disorder
Urges that involve dressing in clothes of opposite sex
Exhibitionistic disorder
Urges about exposing genitals to others and may act upon those urges
Voyeuristic disorder
Urges to observe unsuspecting people in secret as they undress or spy on couples having sex and may act on these desires
Frotteuristc disorder
Urges that involve touching and rubbing against non consenting person
Pedophilic disorder
Urges about watching touching or engaging in sexual acts with children and may carry out these fantasies
Sexual masochism disorder
Urges that involve being humiliated beaten or made to suffer
Sexual sadism disorder
Urges that involve inflicting suffering on others
Gender dysphoria
Person persistently feels extremely uncomfortable about his or her assigned sex and strongly wishes to be member of opposite sex
Explanations of gender dysphoria
Genetic or prenatal factors
Treatments for gender dysphoria
Hormone treatments
Psychotherapy
Sexual reassignment surgery
typical vs atypical antipsychotic drugs
typical or first generation block dopamine and atypical second generation block dopamine and also affect serotonin levels
