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Abnormal Psychology > Test II Part 3 > Flashcards

Test II Part 3 Flashcards

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0
Q

Eccentric or odd cluster of PDs

A

Symptoms similar to schizophrenia

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1
Q

DSM 5 conceptualization

A

The symptoms of the various PDs often overlap greatly leading to frequent misdiagnosis or to multiple diagnosis for a given client

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2
Q

Dramatic cluster

A

Manipulative and uncaring in social relations

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3
Q

Anxious cluster

A

Fearful of being criticized or judged by others

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4
Q

Dimensional approach

A

Each key trait would be seen as varying along a continuum between normal and abnormal

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5
Q

Paranoid PD

A

Marked by a pattern of distrust and suspicion of others

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6
Q

Paranoid PD theories

Psychodynamic

A

Psychodynamic trace it to early interactions with demanding parents, and must always be on alert because they can’t trust others

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7
Q

Paranoid PD treatment

Psychodynamic- object relations therapists

A

Object relations theorists try to see past the patients anger and work on what they view as his or her deep wish for satisfying relationships

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8
Q

Schizoid PD

A

Persistently avoid and are removed from social relationships and demonstrate little in the way of emotion, prefer to be alone and not worried about lack of relationships

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9
Q

Schizoid PD theories

Psychodynamic

A

Unsatisfied need for human contact, unaccepting parents or even abusive

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10
Q

Schizoid PD treatment

CBT

A

Techniques that make client think about emotions and pleasurable experiences
Teaching social skills through group therapy

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11
Q

Avoidant PD

A

Pervasive anxiety
Think horribly of themselves
Fear all social events and rejection

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12
Q

Avoidant PD theories

Psychodynamic

A

Trace shame to childhood experiences such as early bowel and bladder accidents to negative self image

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13
Q

Avoidant PD treatment

Psychodynamic

A

Help clients recognize and resolve unconscious conflicts

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14
Q

Dependent PD

A

Need to be cared for

Can’t make own decisions

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15
Q

Dependent PD theories

Psychodynamic

A

Unresolved conflicts during oral stage of development can give rise to lifelong need for nurturance, or parental loss or rejection may prevent normal attachment, or parents were over involved or over protective

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16
Q

Dependent PD treatment

Psychodynamic

A

Focuses on transference of dependency needs on to the therapist

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17
Q

Obsessive compulsive PD

A

Very rigid in everything
Love order and schedules
Nervous

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18
Q

Obsessive compulsive PD theories

Psychodynamic

A

Overly harsh toilet training leads them to become angry and so they seek control

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19
Q

Histrionic PD

A

Rapidly shifting moods and hysteria
Unstable relations
Attention seekers, superficial and self centered and emotionally charged

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20
Q

Histrionic PD theories

Psychodynamic

A

As children they experienced unhealthy and cold relationships feeling unloved and abandoned

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21
Q

Histrionic PD treatment

Cognitive

A

Changing beliefs that they’re helpless

And develop better ways of thinking

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22
Q

Narcissistic PD

A

Think they’re special/important

High self worth

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23
Q

Narcissistic PD theories

Psychodynamic

A

Cold rejecting parents lead them to think they are actually perfect and desirable and that they don’t need anyone anyways

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24
Q

Narcissistic PD treatment

A

Rarely seek treatment voluntarily and when they do it’s more likely for depression

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25
Q

Borderline PD

A

Rapid shifting mood

Highly impulsive

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26
Q

Borderline PD theories

Psychodynamic

A

Parental frustration and early lack of acceptance leading to loss of self esteem and increased dependence

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27
Q

Borderline PD treatment for suicidal patients

A
  1. Reduce the dysfunctional and out of control behaviors
  2. Explore past traumas and how they interfere with emotions
  3. Helping clients trust and value themselves
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28
Q

Borderline Personality features in non clinical adults Trull et al.

A

Identified college students high and low of BP symptoms and examined them 2 years later. Predicted adjustment problems above and beyond gender and predicted negative outcomes and impulsivity

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29
Q

Psychopathy

A

Antisocial behavior, no sense of shame, superficially charming, manipulative, inability to learn from mistakes, impulsive. Not in DSM 5

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30
Q

Antisocial PD

A

Persistently disregard and violate others rights and is most closely linked with adult criminal behavior

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31
Q

Gender differences in anti social PD

A

Men are 5x more likely to be diagnosed than women

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32
Q

Causal factors for antisocial PD

A 
Genetic predisposition
Testosterone 
Serotonin deficiency 
ADHD 
Low arousability
33
Q

Deficits linked to antisocial PD

A

Low impulse control
Inability to reason
Low self awareness

34
Q

Sociocultural factors and anti social PD

A

Noncompliancy is reinforced by parent giving into non compliant behavior

35
Q

Treatment for antisocial PD effectiveness

A

Typically ineffective because

Most don’t seek treatment voluntarily and don’t have desire to change

36
Q

5 factor model of personality
Rate how?
What traits?

A 
Rate high or low
Neuroticism 
Extroversion
Openness to experience
Agreeableness
Conscientiousness
37
Q

Personality disorder traits specified

A

DSM 5 possible approach to PDs where clinicians would further identify and list the problematic traits and rate of severity of impairment caused by them using 5 groups

38
Q

Cormobidity

A

A person with a PD suffers also from another disorder

39
Q

Paranoid PD theories

Cognitive

A

People with this disorder Generally hold broad maladaptive assumptions

40
Q

Paranoid PD theories

Biological

A

Genetic causes

41
Q

Paranoid PD treatment

Psychodynamic- self therapists

A

Try to help clients reestablish self cohesion, a unified personality which they believe has been lost in the persons continuous negative focus on others

42
Q

Paranoid PD treatments

CBT

A

Anxiety reduction techniques + developing more realistic interpretations of others words and actions

43
Q

Schizoid personality theories

Cognitive

A

Suffer from deficiencies in their thinking, trouble forming meaningful thoughts and responding to emotions

44
Q

Schizotypal PD

A

Chronic pattern of inappropriate social behavior and odd speech

45
Q

Schizotypal PD theories

A

Mostly Biological, linked to disorders in parents and deficits in short term memory and attention

46
Q

Treatments for schizotypal PD

CBT

A

CBT teaches clients to ignore inappropriate thoughts and and evaluate their thoughts objectively
Speech lessons and social skills training

47
Q

Treatments for schizotypal PD

Biological

A

Anti psychotic drugs

48
Q

Which PD most closely resembles schizophrenia?

A

Schizotypal PD

49
Q

Treatment for antisocial PD- cognitive

A

Try to guide clients to think about moral issues and the needs of others

50
Q

Borderline PD theories

Biological

A

Overly reactive amygdala
Under active prefrontal cortex
Lower serotonin activity 5HTT gene

51
Q

Borderline PD theories

Biosocial

A

Results from combination of internal forces and external forces

52
Q

Borderline PD theories

Sociocultural

A

Suggest that they are particularly likely to emerge in cultures that change rapidly leaving them with identity problems

53
Q

Borderline PD treatment

Psychodynamic

A

Therapists take more supportive and egalitarian posture and provide an empathetic setting where they can explore their unconscious

54
Q

Borderline PD treatment

DBT

A

Client therapist relationship is at center of treatment, regularly empathize and use many CBT techniques

55
Q

Which type of therapy has received more research support than any other in the treatment of borderline PD?

A

DBT

56
Q

Histrionic PD theories

Cognitive

A

Look at extreme suggestibility
See individuals as becoming less interested in knowing about the world
Hold general assumptions that they’re unable to care for themselves

57
Q

Histrionic PD theories

Sociocultural

A

Produced in part by cultural norms and expectaions

58
Q

Histrionic PD treatment

Psychodynamic

A

Ultimately aim to help clients recognize their excessive dependency and become more self reliant

59
Q

Narcissistic PD theories

Cognitive behavioral

A

Develops when people are treated too positively early in life, with admiring parents

60
Q

Narcissistic PD theories

Sociocultural

A

Family values and social ideals in society periodically break down, producing generations who are self centered and materialistic

61
Q

Narcissistic PD Treatment

Psychodynamic

A

Help them recognize and work through their basic insecurities and defenses

62
Q

Narcissistic PD treatment

Cognitive

A

Try to redirect clients focus onto opinions of others and to interpret criticism more rationally and increase ability to empathize

63
Q

Avoidant PD theories

Cognitive

A

Harsh criticism and rejection in early childhood lead people to assume that others will always judge them negatively

64
Q

Avoidant PD theories

Behavioral

A

Fail to develop normal social skills developing from avoiding social situations

65
Q

Avoidant PD treatment

Cognitive

A

Help them change distressing beliefs and thoughts and carry on through the face of painful emotions, and improve their self image

66
Q

Avoidant PD treatment

Behavioral

A

Social skills training and exposure

Group therapy

67
Q

Key difference between avoidant PD and social anxiety disorder

A

SAD primarily fear social situations

APD fear close social relationships

68
Q

Dependent PD theories

Behavioral

A

were unintentionally rewarded for clingy behavior or parents own dependent behavior served as a model for them

68
Q

Dependent PD theories

Cognitive

A

Two maladaptive attitudes:

  1. I am inadequate and helpless to deal with the world
  2. I must find a person to provide protection so I can cope
69
Q

Dependent PD treatment

Cognitive behavioral

A

Provide assertiveness training to help them better express individual wishes in relationships
Also try to help them challenge and
Change attitudes of helplessness

70
Q

Obsessive compulsive PD theories

Cognitive

A

Propose that illogical thinking processes help keep it going and they tend to misread or exaggerate potential outcomes of mistakes

71
Q

Obsessive compulsive PD treatments

Psychodynamic

A

Try to help them recognize and accept their personal limitations

72
Q

Obsessive compulsive PD treatment

Cognitive

A

Focus on helping them change their dichotomous all or nothing thinking, perfectionism and chronic worrying

73
Q

Obsessive compulsive PD treatment

Biological

A

SSRI

74
Q

Negative affectivity

A

Experience negative emotions frequently and intensely

75
Q

Detachment

A

Withdraw from others and social interactions

76
Q

Antagonism

A

Behave in ways that put them at odds with other people such as hostility or manipulativeness

77
Q

Disinhibition

A

Behave impulsively without reflecting on possible consequences

78
Q

Psychoticism

A

Unusual and bizarre behaviors or beliefs

79
Q 
Treatment for ASPD
Effectiveness of:
Traditional psychotherapy
Biological treatments
Behavior therapy/Group therapy
A
  • not shown to be effective
  • not proved helpful, but lithium has worked for some
  • seems promising
80
Q

What factors most strongly predicted not engaging in antisocial behaviors?

A

Getting married

Military service

Abnormal Psychology (9 decks)

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