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Abnormal Psychology > Ch 4 & 5 > Flashcards

Ch 4 & 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

diagnostic labels can ________ a patient.

A

dehumanize

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2
Q

Diagnosis

A

Label attached to a set of symptoms that tend to occur together

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3
Q

Classification system

A

A list of categories and disorders with descriptions of the symptoms and guidelines for assigning individuals to the categories

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4
Q

Reliability

A

Consistency of assessment measures, yielding the same results in the same situation

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5
Q

Validity

A

Whether or not it measures what it’s supposed to measure

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6
Q

Categorical information

A

figuring out if and which psychological disorder a patient has

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7
Q

Dimensional information

A

figuring out the extent of severity of symptoms a patient has, often on severity scales.

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8
Q

Culture bound abnormality

A

mental disorders unique to a particular culture, growing from cultural pressures and ideas

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9
Q

Why a diagnostic system?

A

scientific reasons
clinical reasons
pragmatic reasons

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10
Q

DSM 5 as heuristic

A

mental shortcut that helps categorize, and has helped clinicians make diagnostic and treatment decisions efficiently but errors may occur

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11
Q

Strengths of DSM 5

A
  • based on observable and describable behaviors
  • common language
  • categories + rating scales
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12
Q

Weaknesses of DSM 5

A

self reports
not all problems can be observed
some labels might not actually be disorders

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13
Q

Phenomenological impasse

A

not all symptoms are behavioral

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14
Q

Dangers of diagnosis

A

dehumanizing and labeling patients, and clinicians may use bias that may lead to incorrect diagnoses

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15
Q

Rosenhan study

A

being sane in insane places, no one realized they were sane, only some patients

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16
Q

Role of theory in DSM

A

DSM might profit from making underlying theories explicit and we have viewed theory as corrupting the diagnostic system

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17
Q

Treatment decisions

A

treatment plans usually reflect their theoretical point of view and how they have been trained to treat people

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18
Q

Therapy outcome studies

A

studies that measure the effects of various treatments

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19
Q

Meta analysis

A

combining findings of different studies into one statistical analysis

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20
Q

Uniformity myth

A

false belief that all therapies are equivalent despite differences in therapists’ training, experience and theoretical orientations

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21
Q

Reapproachment movement

A

tried to identify a set of common strategies that may run through the work of all effective therapists regardless of clinician’s prior orientations

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22
Q

Idiographic information

A

Individual information gathered on new clients

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23
Q

Interrater reliability

A

Different judges independently agree on how to score and interpret things

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24
Q

Predictive validity

A

Tool’s ability to predict future characteristics or behavior ex gathering parents info on smoking to predict child’s smoking behaviors or lack thereof

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25
Q

Concurrent validity

A

Degree to which the measures gathered from one assessment technique agree with measures gathered from other techniques

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26
Q

4 Ds of abnormality

A

Deviance
Distress
Dysfunction
Danger

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27
Q

Mental illness is ___________ with IQ.

A

Uncorrelated

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28
Q

A group of symptoms that tend to occur together

A

Syndrome

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29
Q

what disorder may not exist but is still present in the current and past DSMs?

A

narcissistic personality disorder

30
Q

2 questionable “disorders” in DSM 5

A

caffiene intoxication disorder

nicotine withdrawal

31
Q

fear

A

central nervous system’s physiological and emotional response to a serious threat to one’s well being or life

32
Q

anxiety

A

CNS physiological and emotional response to a vague sense of threat or danger

33
Q

GAD

A

disorder marked by persistent and excessive feelings of anxiety and worry about numerous events and activities

34
Q

sociocultural theory of GAD

A

GAD is most likely to develop in those who live in threatening environments or ongoing dangerous social conditions

35
Q

psychodynamic theory of GAD

A

childhood anxiety goes unresolved; early developmental experiences may produce unusually high levels of anxiety in children, which may set the stage for GAD

36
Q

humanist theory of GAD

A

Arises when people stop looking at themselves honestly and acceptingly; repeated denials of their true thoughts, emotions, and behavior make them anxious and unable to fulfill their potential

37
Q

cognitive maladaptive assumptions

A

inaccurate beliefs held by people with various psych problems as according to albert ellis

38
Q

new wave cognitive explanations

A

new explanations that build on the theories of Ellis and Beck and their emphasis on danger

39
Q

rational emotive therapy

A

cognitive therapists point out the irrational assumptions held by clients, suggest more appropriate assumptions and assign homework that gives them practice at challenging old assumptions and applying new ones

40
Q

genetics in GAD

A

family pedigree studies have shown evidence of genetic inheritance for anxiety disorders, but may mean similarities in environment

41
Q

GABA inactivity GAD

A

low activity has been linked to GAD

42
Q

Sedative hypnotic drugs

A

drugs that calm people at lower doses and gel them to fall asleep at higher doses

43
Q

relaxation training

A

treatment procedure that teaches clients to relax at will so they can calm themselves in stressful situations

44
Q

biofeedback

A

technique in which a client is given info about physiological reactions as they occur and learns to control reactions voluntarily

45
Q

specific phobias

A

persistent fear of a certain and specific object or situation

46
Q

stimulus generation

A

phenomenon in which responses to one stimulus are also produced by similar stimuli

47
Q

behavioral evolutionary explanations GAD

A

propose that classical conditioning may lead to contraction of phobic reactions

48
Q

preparedness

A

predisposition to develop certain fears

49
Q

flooding

A

treatment for phobias in which clients are exposed repeatedly and intensively to a feared object and made to see it is actually harmless

50
Q

agoraphobia

A

anxiety disorder where a person is afraid to be in public places or situations from which escape might be difficult or embarrassing or help unavailable if panic were to occur

51
Q

treatment of agoraphobia

A

home based self help programs where families carry out treatment themselves of exposure therapy, coaxing, systematic desensitization

52
Q

social anxiety disorder

A

severe and persistent fear of social or performance situations in which embarrassment may occur

53
Q

causes of SAD

A

proposed by cognitive theorists, people with this disorder hold a group of social beliefs and expectations that consistently work against them

54
Q

treatments for SAD

A

medications, exposure therapy, and cognitive therapies and sometimes group therapy

55
Q

exposure therapy

A

behavioral intervention very effective with phobias where they expose themselves to their fears until their fears subside

56
Q

social skills training

A

therapy approach that helps people learn or improve social skills and assertiveness through role playing and rehearsing of desirable behaviors

57
Q

panic attacks

A

periodic short bursts of panic that occur suddenly reach a peak and pass

58
Q

panic disorder

A

anxiety disorder marked by recurrent and unpredictable panic attacks

59
Q

norepinephrine

A

neurotransmitter that bio theorists say plays a role in panic disorder

60
Q

locus ceruleus

A

small area of the brain that seems to be active in the regulation of emotions

61
Q

amygdala

A

small almond shaped part of brain that processes emotional information

62
Q

drug therapies for panic disorder

A

antidepressants restore proper activity of norepinephrine in the brain and are able to prevent panic symptoms

63
Q

misinterpreting bodily sensations

A

cognitive theorists say that panic attacks are experienced only by people who further misinterpret the physiological events that occur within their bodies

64
Q

biological challenge test

A

procedure used to produce panic in participants by having them exercise vigorously or take drugs in the presence of researcher or therapist

65
Q

anxiety sensitivity

A

tendency to focus on one’s bodily sensations, assess them illogically, and interpret them as harmful

66
Q

cognitive therapy for PD

A

correct people’s misinterpretations of their bodily sensations

67
Q

metacognitive theory

A

new wave- holds that people with GAD implicitly hold both positive and negative beliefs about worrying; negative attitudes can open the door to the disorder

68
Q

intolerance of uncertainty theory

A

new wave- certain individuals cannot tolerate the knowledge that negative events may occur, even if the possibility is very small

69
Q

avoidance theory

A

new wave- suggests that people with GAD have greater bodily arousal than other people and worrying actually serves to reduce this arousal by distracting individuals from their unpleasant physical feelings

70
Q

acceptance and commitment theory

A

cognitive therapists help GAD sufferers to become aware of their streams of thoughts and worries as they are occurring and accept such thoughts as mere events of the mind to become less affected by them.

Abnormal Psychology (9 decks)

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