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Abnormal Psychology > Ch 3 > Flashcards

Ch 3 Flashcards

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0
Q

Biological models

A

Sees physical processes as key to human behavior

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1
Q

Paradigms

A

Models and perspectives used to explain events

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2
Q

Diathesis stress model

A

person must first have a predisposition to a disorder and then be subjected to immediate psychosocial stress in order to develop the disorder

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3
Q

Viral infections

A

Linked to abnormal functioning and biochemical dysfunctioning

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4
Q

Psychotropic meds

A

Drugs that affect emotions and thought processes

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5
Q

ECT

A

Troconclusive therapy; two electrodes attached to forehead and electrical current is passed through the brain and causes a small seizure; many feel less depressed after a few sessions

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6
Q

Psychosurgery

A

Used only after patient is unresponsive to other forms of therapy

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7
Q

Id

A

Psych force that produces instinctual needs drives and impulses

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8
Q

Ego

A

Psych force that employs reason and operates in accordance with reality

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9
Q

Superego

A

Psych force that represents a persons values and ideals

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10
Q

Defense mechanisms

A

Basic strategies to control unacceptable Id impulses and avoid or reduce the anxiety they arouse

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11
Q

Resistance

A

Unconscious refusal to participate fully in therapy

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12
Q

Transference

A

Patient acts and feels towards therapist as he would towards a friend of family member

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14
Q

Behavioral model

A

Emphasizes behavior and the ways in which it is learned

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15
Q

Cognitive model

A

Concentrates on the thinking that underlies behavior

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16
Q

Humanistic existential model

A

Stresses role of values and choices

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17
Q

Sociocultural model

A

Social and cultural forces are key to human functioning

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18
Q

Family social model

A

Focuses on individuals family and social interactions

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19
Q

Multi cultural model

A

Emphasizes an individuals culture and shared beliefs

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24
Q

Projection

A

Person attributes own acceptable impulses or desires to other individuals

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25
Q

Classical conditioning

A

learning behavior through temporal associations

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26
Q

Operant conditioning

A

learning behavior through rewards

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27
Q

Behavioral therapies

A

using conditioning to change negative behaviors to more positive ones; therapist as a teacher rather than healer

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28
Q

Systematic desensitization

A

clients learn to react calmly instead of with intense fear to the objects or situations they dread

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29
Q

Cognitive behavioral therapy

A

seek to help clients change both counterproductive behaviors and dysfunctional ways of thinking

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30
Q

Intellectualization

A

emotionally removing oneself from a stressful event

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31
Q

Over generalization

A

drawing broad negative conclusions after only one insignificant event

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32
Q

Cognitive therapies

A

recognizing and changing faulty ways of thinking that may lead to psychopathology

33
Q

Rationalization

A

Person creates a socially acceptable reason for an action that actually reflects unacceptable motives

34
Q

Displacement

A

Person displaces hostility away from a dangerous object and onto a safer substitute

35
Q

Regression

A

Person retreats from an upsetting conflict and acts immaturely

39
Q

group therapy

A

therapist meets with group that has similar problems

43
Q

Psychodynamic model

A

Looks at people’s unconscious internal processes and conflicts

48
Q

Shortcomings of bio model

A

Does not recognize role of environment

Treatments can produce undesirable effects or side effects

49
Q

Repression

A

Psych defense mechanism that prevents unacceptable impulses from ever reaching consciousness

50
Q

sociocultural model

A

abnormal behavior is best understood in light of the broad forces that influence an individual such as societal norms and social roles

51
Q

social labels

A

patients may have learned to accept their labels and in turn confirmed them so the label seems appropriate

52
Q

social connections

A

those with more social connections are less likely to become depressed; deficiencies in social networking has been linked to abnormal functioning

53
Q

family systems theory

A

structure and communication patterns of some families actually force individual members to behave in abnormal ways

55
Q

family therapy

A

point out problem behaviors and interactions and help the whole family change its ways

56
Q

marital therapy

A

focuses on structure and communication patterns of the relationship

57
Q

community mental health treatment

A

allow clients to receive treatment in familiar social surroundings as they try to recover

58
Q

culture sensitive therapies

A

addresses unique issues faced by minority groups

59
Q

biopsychosocial theories

A

abnormality results from the interaction of genetic, biological, developmental, emotional, behavioral, etc influences

60
Q

Leary’s interpersonal circumplex
explains what?
can it be tested and measured?

A

explains relationships among traits. explains normal and abnormal behavior. can be tested and measured.

61
Q

complementary and anti-complementary

A

comp interactions feel right

62
Q

problems with circumplex theory (2)

A
  1. logical inconsistency between predicting behavior in particular contexts and attempting to explain how longstanding traits develop
  2. many aspects yet to be tested rigorously
63
Q

contributions of circumplex theory (3)

A
  1. reminds us of the importance of relationships
  2. provides way to conceptualize normal and abnormal behavior on a continuum
  3. suggests powerful techniques for explaining, describing, and even changing behavior
64
Q

Object relations theory

A

Psychodynamic theory that views the desire for relationships as the key motivating force in human behavior

65
Q

Denial

A

Person simply refuses to acknowledge the existence of an external source of anxiety

66
Q

unconditional positive regard

A

critical component of client-centered therapy in which the therapist is sure to fully accept the client regardless of their personal feelings about them

67
Q

conditions of worth

A

standards that say one is lovable and acceptable only when they conform to certain standards

68
Q

self actualization

A

fulfill one’s potential for goodness and growth

69
Q

client-centered therapy

A

humanistic therapy developed by carl rogers in which clinicians try to help clients by conveying acceptance, accurate empathy, and genuineness

70
Q

Gestalt therapy

A

humanistic therapy developed by fritz in which clinicians actively move clients towards self recognition and self acceptance by using techniques such as role playing and self discovery exercises

71
Q

existential therapy

A

help clients accept responsibility for their lives and problems and help them recognize they are free so they may change it

72
Q

flaws of behavioral model

A

no evidence that improper conditioning leads to abnormal behavior
improvements don’t always carry over to real life
too simplistic

73
Q

Aaron Beck

A

developed cognitive therapy

74
Q

what has cognitive therapy/CBT been shown to help treat?

A

depression, panic disorder, social phobia, sexual dysfunction

75
Q

flaws of cognitive model

A

ways of thinking could be result rather than cause of abnormal functioning; not always possible to achieve and don’t help everyone

76
Q

humanists

A

believe that humans are born friendly and good

77
Q

existentialists

A

believe that humans must live authentic lives in order to be psychologically well adjusted but do not agree that humans are born good rather born free

78
Q

skillful frustration

A

gestalt therapists refuse to meet their clients expectations or demands in order to help people see how often they are manipulative

80
Q

enmeshed family structure

A

members are grossly over involved in each others lives

80
Q

disengagement

A

rigid boundaries between family members

81
Q

self help group

A

group with similar problems come together without leadership of a clinician

82
Q

according to circumplex theory, what causes abnormal functioning?

A

inability to adjust to different ways of interacting; fixed, rigid, and non responsive ways of interacting

83
Q

how are these disorders plotted according to circumplex theory:
depression
anti-social personality
dependent personality

A

negative submissive
dominant negative
positive submissive

84
Q

according to circumplex theory, what is the best way to change anti complimentary behavior?

A

use motivation and rewards and incentives

Abnormal Psychology (9 decks)

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