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Abnormal Psychology > Ch 3 > Flashcards

Ch 3 Flashcards

0
Q

Biological models

A

Sees physical processes as key to human behavior

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1
Q

Paradigms

A

Models and perspectives used to explain events

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2
Q

Diathesis stress model

A

person must first have a predisposition to a disorder and then be subjected to immediate psychosocial stress in order to develop the disorder

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3
Q

Viral infections

A

Linked to abnormal functioning and biochemical dysfunctioning

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4
Q

Psychotropic meds

A

Drugs that affect emotions and thought processes

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5
Q

ECT

A

Troconclusive therapy; two electrodes attached to forehead and electrical current is passed through the brain and causes a small seizure; many feel less depressed after a few sessions

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6
Q

Psychosurgery

A

Used only after patient is unresponsive to other forms of therapy

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7
Q

Id

A

Psych force that produces instinctual needs drives and impulses

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8
Q

Ego

A

Psych force that employs reason and operates in accordance with reality

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9
Q

Superego

A

Psych force that represents a persons values and ideals

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10
Q

Defense mechanisms

A

Basic strategies to control unacceptable Id impulses and avoid or reduce the anxiety they arouse

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11
Q

Resistance

A

Unconscious refusal to participate fully in therapy

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12
Q

Transference

A

Patient acts and feels towards therapist as he would towards a friend of family member

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14
Q

Behavioral model

A

Emphasizes behavior and the ways in which it is learned

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15
Q

Cognitive model

A

Concentrates on the thinking that underlies behavior

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16
Q

Humanistic existential model

A

Stresses role of values and choices

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17
Q

Sociocultural model

A

Social and cultural forces are key to human functioning

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18
Q

Family social model

A

Focuses on individuals family and social interactions

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19
Q

Multi cultural model

A

Emphasizes an individuals culture and shared beliefs

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24
Q

Projection

A

Person attributes own acceptable impulses or desires to other individuals

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25
Q

Classical conditioning

A

learning behavior through temporal associations

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26
Q

Operant conditioning

A

learning behavior through rewards

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27
Q

Behavioral therapies

A

using conditioning to change negative behaviors to more positive ones; therapist as a teacher rather than healer

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28
Q

Systematic desensitization

A

clients learn to react calmly instead of with intense fear to the objects or situations they dread

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29
Cognitive behavioral therapy
seek to help clients change both counterproductive behaviors and dysfunctional ways of thinking
30
Intellectualization
emotionally removing oneself from a stressful event
31
Over generalization
drawing broad negative conclusions after only one insignificant event
32
Cognitive therapies
recognizing and changing faulty ways of thinking that may lead to psychopathology
33
Rationalization
Person creates a socially acceptable reason for an action that actually reflects unacceptable motives
34
Displacement
Person displaces hostility away from a dangerous object and onto a safer substitute
35
Regression
Person retreats from an upsetting conflict and acts immaturely
39
group therapy
therapist meets with group that has similar problems
43
Psychodynamic model
Looks at people's unconscious internal processes and conflicts
48
Shortcomings of bio model
Does not recognize role of environment | Treatments can produce undesirable effects or side effects
49
Repression
Psych defense mechanism that prevents unacceptable impulses from ever reaching consciousness
50
sociocultural model
abnormal behavior is best understood in light of the broad forces that influence an individual such as societal norms and social roles
51
social labels
patients may have learned to accept their labels and in turn confirmed them so the label seems appropriate
52
social connections
those with more social connections are less likely to become depressed; deficiencies in social networking has been linked to abnormal functioning
53
family systems theory
structure and communication patterns of some families actually force individual members to behave in abnormal ways
55
family therapy
point out problem behaviors and interactions and help the whole family change its ways
56
marital therapy
focuses on structure and communication patterns of the relationship
57
community mental health treatment
allow clients to receive treatment in familiar social surroundings as they try to recover
58
culture sensitive therapies
addresses unique issues faced by minority groups
59
biopsychosocial theories
abnormality results from the interaction of genetic, biological, developmental, emotional, behavioral, etc influences
60
Leary's interpersonal circumplex explains what? can it be tested and measured?
explains relationships among traits. explains normal and abnormal behavior. can be tested and measured.
61
complementary and anti-complementary
comp interactions feel right
62
problems with circumplex theory (2)
1. logical inconsistency between predicting behavior in particular contexts and attempting to explain how longstanding traits develop 2. many aspects yet to be tested rigorously
63
contributions of circumplex theory (3)
1. reminds us of the importance of relationships 2. provides way to conceptualize normal and abnormal behavior on a continuum 3. suggests powerful techniques for explaining, describing, and even changing behavior
64
Object relations theory
Psychodynamic theory that views the desire for relationships as the key motivating force in human behavior
65
Denial
Person simply refuses to acknowledge the existence of an external source of anxiety
66
unconditional positive regard
critical component of client-centered therapy in which the therapist is sure to fully accept the client regardless of their personal feelings about them
67
conditions of worth
standards that say one is lovable and acceptable only when they conform to certain standards
68
self actualization
fulfill one's potential for goodness and growth
69
client-centered therapy
humanistic therapy developed by carl rogers in which clinicians try to help clients by conveying acceptance, accurate empathy, and genuineness
70
Gestalt therapy
humanistic therapy developed by fritz in which clinicians actively move clients towards self recognition and self acceptance by using techniques such as role playing and self discovery exercises
71
existential therapy
help clients accept responsibility for their lives and problems and help them recognize they are free so they may change it
72
flaws of behavioral model
no evidence that improper conditioning leads to abnormal behavior improvements don't always carry over to real life too simplistic
73
Aaron Beck
developed cognitive therapy
74
what has cognitive therapy/CBT been shown to help treat?
depression, panic disorder, social phobia, sexual dysfunction
75
flaws of cognitive model
ways of thinking could be result rather than cause of abnormal functioning; not always possible to achieve and don't help everyone
76
humanists
believe that humans are born friendly and good
77
existentialists
believe that humans must live authentic lives in order to be psychologically well adjusted but do not agree that humans are born good rather born free
78
skillful frustration
gestalt therapists refuse to meet their clients expectations or demands in order to help people see how often they are manipulative
80
enmeshed family structure
members are grossly over involved in each others lives
80
disengagement
rigid boundaries between family members
81
self help group
group with similar problems come together without leadership of a clinician
82
according to circumplex theory, what causes abnormal functioning?
inability to adjust to different ways of interacting; fixed, rigid, and non responsive ways of interacting
83
how are these disorders plotted according to circumplex theory: depression anti-social personality dependent personality
negative submissive dominant negative positive submissive
84
according to circumplex theory, what is the best way to change anti complimentary behavior?
use motivation and rewards and incentives

Abnormal Psychology (9 decks)

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