Test II Part II Flashcards
Positive symptoms
Symptoms that Seem to be excesses of or bizarre additions to normal thoughts emotions or behaviors
Psychosis
A state in which a person loess contact with reality
Persecutory delusions ( (schizophrenia))
People believe they’re being plotted against spied on threatened or victimized
Reference ( (schizophrenia))
Attaching special and personal meaning to the actions of others or to various objects or events
Grandiose illusions ( (schizophrenia))
Believe themselves to be empowered persons or especially great at something
Thought control ( (schizophrenia)
Feelings thoughts and actions are being controlled by others
Neologisms ( (schizophrenia))
Made up words that typically have meaning only to the person using them
Clang speech ( (schizophrenia))
Using rhyme to express themselves
Loose associations ( (schizophrenia))
Common thinking disturbance in schizo characterized by rapid shifts from one topic to another
Word salad ( (schizophrenia)
confused or unintelligible mixture of seemingly random words and phrases
Inappropriate effect ( (schizophrenia)
Showing emotions unsuited to the situation, like smiling at bad news
Negative symptoms of schizo
Deficits in normal thought emotions or behaviors
Type II schizo
Display more negative symptoms and may be tied largely to structural abnormalities in the brain
Alogia ( (schizophrenia))
Decrease in speech or speech content
Avolition ( (schizophrenia))
general lack of drive, or motivation to pursue meaningful goals
Catatonia ( (schizophrenia))
Pattern of extreme psychomotor symptoms
Prodromal phase (schizophrenia)
Symptoms are not yet obvious but deterioration is beginning
Active stage (schizophrenia)
Symptoms become apparent, may be triggered by stress or trauma in ones life
Residual phases (schizophrenia)
Return to a prodromal like level of functioning
Diagnosing type I schizo
Dominated by positive symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations
Diagnosing type II Schizo
Display more negative symptoms, such as restricted affects
DSM 5 criteria for schizophrenia
- symptoms continue for six months or more
- at least one of those months must be an active phase
- must show deterioration in work, social life, or ability to care for themselves
Prognosis of schizophrenia
10 yrs later
most are independent
some have improved but still need work
10% commit suicide
Early conceptions of schiz
Wastebasket category for clinicians where the label was assigned to anyone who acted unpredictably or strangely
Gender and age factors in schizo
earlier onset in men, women greater onset after age 30
Brief psychotic disorder
Various psychotic symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations for less than 1 month
Schizophreniform disorder
Various psychotic symptoms for 1-6 months
Scizoaffective disorder
Marked symptoms of both schizo and a major depressive episode or a manic episode for 6 months or more
Delusional disorder
Persistent delusions that are not bizarre and not due to schizo for one month or more
Psychotic disorder associated with another medical condition
Hallucinations delusions or disorganized speech caused by a medical illness or brain damage
Substance induced psychotic disorder
Psychotic symptoms caused directly by a substance
Schizophrenia
Psychotic disorder in which personal social and occupational functioning deteriorate as a result of strange perceptions unusual emotions and motor abnormalities
Hallucinations vs delusions
H is false sensory perceptions
D is false beliefs
Negative symptoms
Symptoms
Type II schizo seems to be more closely related to _____.
Structural abnormalities
Type I schizo seems to be related more to ______.
Biochemical abnormalities
Anhendonia
General lack of pleasure or enjoyment
Flat effect
Show almost no emotions at all
Blunted affect
Showing less emotions that most other people
Malingering
Intentionally feigning illness to achieve some external gain
Conversion disorders
Medically unexplained bodily symptoms affect voluntary motor and sensory functions
Predominant pain pattern
When the primary feature of somatic symptom disorder is pain
Hysterical disorders
Conveyed the belief that excessive and uncontrolled emotions underlie the bodily symptoms found in conversion and somatic symptom disorders
Illness anxiety disorder
Experience chronic anxiety about their health and are convinced they have a serious medical illness despite the absence of substantial symptoms. Constantly check bodies for signs of illness and misinterpret
Body dysmorphic disorder
Become deeply concerned about some imagined or minor defect in their appearance
Somatic symptom disorders
mental disorder characterized by physical symptoms that suggest physical illness or injury – symptoms that cannot be explained fully by a general medical condition
Facticious disorder
exaggeration or falsification of one’s health, motivation is not personal gain
Psychophysiological disorders
psychological condition causes or exacerbates physical symptoms
Münchausen syndrome by proxy
mental illness in which a person acts as if an individual he or she is caring for has a physical or mental illness when the person is not really sick, usually their child
Dissociative amnesia
Unable to recall important info, Usually of an upsetting nature, about their lives, not caused by physical factors
Dissociative fugue
Persons forget personal identity and details of past but also flee to an entirely different location
Depersonalization disorder
Marked by presence of persistent and recurrent episodes of depersonalization, derealization, or both.
Dissociative identity disorder
Person develops two or more distinct personalities
Reasons why DID is a controversial diagnosis
Incidences have skyrocketed, normal people under hypnosis can easily simulate symptoms of DID
Psychodynamic theory of DID
Caused by repression, people fight off anxiety by unconsciously preventing painful memories or impulses from reaching awareness
Behavioral theory of DID
Grows from normal drifting of mind or forgetting, and the response is caused by operant conditioning from the horrifying event
State dependent learning theory of DID
Thoughts and memories and skills are tied exclusively to a particular state of arousal, so they recall a given event when they experience an arousal state almost identical to the state in which the memory was first formed, creating multiple personalities
Self hypnosis and DID
Some children manage to escape from their abusive world by self hypnosis, mentally separating themselves from their bodies and becoming another person
How research could test the validity of DID
Form careful description of DID
compare groups
Longitudinal research
Clinical phenomenology of DID Putnam et. al
Investigated what?
What percent reported childhood sexual abuse?
What else did they find?
Relation between childhood trauma and DID
85% reported abuse
Also found # of alters correlated a severity of trauma
False memory syndrome
condition in which a person’s identity and relationships are affected by memories that are factually incorrect but that they strongly believe
Is DID distinct from other psychiatric disorders? Surpppo et. al
Compared what?
Found what?
Compared DID patients with non dissociative psych patients
Found that people with DID reported more and earlier childhood trauma and more unconventional views of reality
Somatization pattern of somatic symptom disorder
Experience long lasting physical ailments that have no physical basis
Selective dissociative amnesia
Remember some but not all events that occurred during a period of time
Localized dissociative amnesia
Most common in which a person loses all memory of certain events that took place within a limited period of time, often triggered by a disturbing occurrence
Generalized dissociative amnesia
Cannot remember events within certain period of time or earlier life events
Continuous dissociative amnesia
Forgetting continues into the present as well as events before and during the tragedy
How sub personalities differ
Identifying features, abilities/preferences, physiological responses
Mutually amnesic relationships
Sub personalities have no awareness of one another
Mutually congnizant relationship
Each sub personality is well aware of the rest
One way amnesic relationships
Some personalities are aware of others but the awareness is not mutual
Co conscious sub personalities
Quiet observers who watch the actions and thoughts of other personalities but don’t interact with them
Derealization
Sense that ones surrounding are unreal or detached
Depersonalization
Sense that ones own mental functioning or body is unreal or detached
Treatment for DID
Recognize fully the nature of their disorder
Recover gaps in memory
Integrate sub personalities into one functional personality
