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Medicine Extras > Test Findings > Flashcards

Test Findings Flashcards

1
Q

ECG:

Tall T-waves

A

Hyperkalaemia

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2
Q

ECG:

Prominent U Wave

A

Hypokalaemia

Hypocalcemia

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3
Q

ECG:

ST-Depression

A

Hypokalaemia
Myocardial Infarction (Non-Q-Wave)
Unstable Angina
Hypothermia

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4
Q

ECG:

Tall P-waves

A

Hypokalaemia

Right-Atrial Enlargement

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5
Q

ECG:

“M” QRS

A

Right BBB if leads 1-3 (“MaRRoW)
Brugada
Left BBB if in leads 5-6 (“WiLLiaM”)

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6
Q

ECG:

RSR pattern

A

Brugada

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7
Q

ECG:

ST-Elevation

A

Myocardial Infarction (STEMI, in particular leads)
Pericarditis (Widespread, “saddle-shaped”)
Priznmental’s Angina (CA Spasm)

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8
Q

CXR:

“Tramlines + Ring Shadows”

A

Bronchiectasis

-Widened bronchi are the cause of this appearance.

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9
Q

GFR: 80

Type of renal failure?

A

Type 2

Think clock: 
>(12)0 = normal
>90 = 1 
>60 = 2
>45 = 3a
>30 = 3b
>15 = 4
0-15 = 5
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10
Q

GFR: 25

Type of renal failure?

A

Type 4

Think clock: 
>(12)0 = normal
>90 = 1 
>60 = 2
>45 = 3a
>30 = 3b
>15 = 4
0-15 = 5
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11
Q

X-Ray:

Pencil-Cup deformity

A

Psoriatic Arthritis

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12
Q

X-Ray:

Osteophytes

A

Osteoarthritis (LOSS)

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13
Q

X-Ray:

Subchondral Cysts

A

Osteoarthritis (LOSS)

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14
Q

X-Ray:

Subchondral Sclerosis

A

Osteoarthritis (LOSS)

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15
Q

X-Ray:

Bony Erosions

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis (LESS)

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16
Q

X-Ray:

Loss of joint space

A 
Osteoarthritis (LOSS)
Rheumatoid Arthritis (LESS)
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17
Q

Water Deprivation Test:
Before vasopressin: Low urine osmolality.
After vasopressin: High urine osmolality.

A

Cranial Diabetes Insipidus

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18
Q

Water Deprivation Test:
Before vasopressin: Low urine osmolality.
After vasopressin: Low urine osmolality.

A

Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

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19
Q

Glucose Tolerance Test:

Results in lower GH levels.

A

No acromegaly

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20
Q

Glucose Tolerance Test:

No change in GH levels.

A

Acromegaly is likely.

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21
Q

CXR:

Kerley B Lines

A

Visible septae between lobes

  • Present in Pulmonary Oedema
  • Present in Neoplasia
  • Present in Pneumonia
  • Present in Sarcoidosis.
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22
Q

Dipstick:
Blood [+]
Leukocyte [+]
Nitrate [+]

A

UTI highly likely if urine is cloudy: Give Abx

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23
Q

Dipstick:
Blood [-]
Leukocyte [-]
Nitrate [+]

A

UTI highly likely if urine is cloudy: Give Abx

24
Q

Dipstick:
Leukocyte [+]
Nitrite [-]

A

UTI and other pathology equally likely: Consider culture.

25
Q

Dipstick:
Leukocyte [-]
Nitrate [-]
Blood [+]

A

UTI unlikely. Consider another diagnosis.

26
Q

Dipstick:
Leukocyte [-]
Nitrate [-]
Protein [+]

A

UTI unlikely. Consider another diagnosis.

27
Q

CLED agar:

Yellow

A

Lactose Fermenting

e.g. E.Coli ; Staph.Saphrophiticus
Proteus will NOT grow.

28
Q

CLED agar:

Blue

A

Non-Lactose Fermenting

e.g. Shigella ; Pseudomonas ; Salmonella
Proteus will NOT grow.

29
Q

Blood Agar: No Growth

Chocolate Agar: Growth

A

Likely to be Haemophillius Spp.

30
Q

Blood Agar: Brown/Green Colonies

A

∂-Haemolytic

Without other evidence, think of these Streptococcus species:

  • Viridans
  • Pneumonia
31
Q

Blood Agar: White Colonies

A

ß-Haemolytic

Without other evidence, think of:

  • Streptococcus Pyogenes (A)
  • Streptococcus Agalacticae (B)
  • Staphylococcus Aureus
  • Staphylococcus Epidermidis
32
Q

Overnight Dexamethasone Suppression:

High Cortisol

A

Very indicative of Cushing’s disease.

33
Q

Urine: Bence-Jones Proteins

A

AKA Immunoglobulin-Light-Chain

-Indicative of Multiple Myeloma.

34
Q 
Blood-Gas:
pH - Low
PaO2 - Low
PaCo2 - High
HCO3- - Upper end of normal
A

Respiratory Acidosis with No Metabolic Compensation

35
Q 
Blood-Gas:
pH - Low
PaO2 - Low
PaCo2 - High
HCO3- -  High
A

Respiratory Acidosis with Partial Metabolic Compensation

36
Q 
Blood-Gas:
pH - Normal
PaO2 - Low
PaCo2 - High
HCO3- -  High
A

Respiratory Acidosis with Complete Metabolic Compensation

37
Q 
Blood-Gas:
pH - Low
PaO2 - Normal
PaCo2 - Normal
HCO3- -  Low
A

Metabolic Acidosis with No Respiratory Compensation.

38
Q 
Blood-Gas:
pH - Normal
PaO2 - High
PaCo2 - Low
HCO3- -  Low
A

Metabolic Acidosis with Complete Respiratory Compensation.

39
Q

Parathyroid Function:
PTH - High
Ca++ - High
Phosphate - Low

A

Primary Hyperparathyroidism

More PTH&raquo_space; More Ca and Less PO4

40
Q

Parathyroid Function:
PTH - High
Ca++ - Low
Phosphate - Variable

A

Secondary Hyperparathyroidism

Less Ca&raquo_space; More PTH

41
Q

Parathyroid Function:
PTH - High
Ca++ - High
Phosphate - High

A

Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism

42
Q

Parathyroid Function:
PTH - High
Ca++ - Low
Phosphate - High

A

PseudoHypoparathyroidism

High PTH&raquo_space; PTH-insensitivity so Low Ca and high phosphate&raquo_space; Higher PTH.

43
Q

Parathyroid Function:
PTH - Low
Ca++ - Low
Phosphate - High

A

Hypoparathyroidism

44
Q

Blood Smear:

Heinz Bodies

A

G6PD Anaemia

45
Q

Blood Smear:

Auer Rods

A

AML

-Clumps of granular material forming elongated needles

46
Q

Blood Smear:

Macrocytic Anaemia

A

Folate / B12 Deficiency
Alcoholism
Hypothyroidism

47
Q

Blood Smear:

Microcytic Anaemia

A

Iron Deficiency Anaemia
Thalassemia
Sideroblastic Anaemia

48
Q

Suspected Myasthenia Gravis:

No Anti-ACh-Receptor Antibodies found.

A

Likely Lambert-Eaton Syndrome.

Reduced ACh Release

49
Q

Suspected Myasthenia Gravis:

Anti-ACh-Receptor Antibodies found.

A

Likely Myasthenia Gravis.

50
Q

CT Scan:

“Ground Glass” Appearance

A

Interstitial Lung Disease
Pneumonia
Pulmonary Oedema

51
Q

Bounding pulse

A

Sepsis

Hypercapnia

52
Q

Histology:

Orphan Annie eyes

A

Papillary adenocarcinoma of the thyroid

Most common thyroid cancer

53
Q

Histology:

Hürthle cells

A

Follicular adenocarcinoma of the thyroid.

2nd commonest thyroid cancer

54
Q

Histology:

Spindle-shaped cells, myeloid deposits

A

Medullary thyroid carcinoma

55
Q

Number of men who have a true-positive PSA test for prostate cancer out of the number of men who have a positive PSA test? (PPV)

A

30%

-2/3 of men will have it raised without any cancer present.

56
Q

Neuropathy + Anti-Gliadin is positive

A

Potential gluten ataxia

-May be on exam

Medicine Extras (24 decks)

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