Eponyms Flashcards
Hodgkin’s ______ ?
Lymphoma
-Lymphoma with Reed-Sternberg cells.
Philadelphia ______?
Chromosome
-Chromosome abnormality (Cr22) present in >80% of people with CML.
Rouleaux _____ ?
Formation
-RBCs stacked together: Occurs when there is a high serum plasma protein.
-E.g., in multiple myeloma due to gammopathy.
Mantoux _____ _____ ______ ?
Tuberculin Skin Test.
-Test to see whether a patient has had a previous tuberculosis infection.
Gilbert’s ______ ?
Disease.
-Unconjugated cause of Jaundice
-Fairly benign
Crohn’s ____?
Disease:
-Granulomatous
-Skip lesions
-Can affect from mouth to anus
-Full wall-thickness of inflammation
-Cobblestones + Fibrotic mucosa
-Can cause obstruction
Hirschsprung’s _____?
Disease:
-Ganglion cells don’t exist all the way round and don’t contract the bowel: Blockage.
-Grossly dilated colon
Budd-Chiari ____ ?
Syndrome:
-Vascular disease- Occlusion of hepatic veins.
-Post-Hepatic cause of portal hypertension.
Rawlins-Thompson _____ ?
System (for adverse drug reactions).
A: Augmented - Predictable/dose-related.
B: Bizzare - Unpredictable reaction
C: Chronic - Occurs after long term therapy.
D: Delayed - Occurs many years after treatment.
E: End of use - Withdrawal to long term use.
Wernicke’s Encephalopathy?
(Due to thiamine deficiency)
-Ataxia
-Opthalamoplegia
-Confusion
Commonly associated with alcohol dependence
Wernicke’s Area?
Point in the brain for understanding speech.
-Lesion = sensory aphasia
Duke’s ______ ?
Score/Criteria for infective endocarditis
-Pathological Lesions
-Microbes in vegetation
-Blood cultures positive
-Evidence of endocardial involvement
-Fever (min)
-Previous endocardial injury
**ALSO Duke’s Staging
-For colorectal cancer
-A - within submucosa
-B1 - not through bowel wall
-B2 - through bowel wall
-C1 - not through bowel wall, but lymph node metastases
-C2 - through bowel wall, lymph node metastases
-D - distant metastases
Chapel-Hill _____ ?
Classification (Artery Disorders):
-Primary (Large): Giant Cell Arteritis
-Primary (Med/Small): Wegner’s Granulomatosis
-Secondary (Large): Aortitis in rheumatoid arthritis.
-Secondary (Med/Small): Autoimmune/Drugs/Malignancy.
Hutchinson’s _____ ?
Sign
-Rash on nose with shingles: Sign of nasocillary nerve involvement (ophthalmic nerve, trigeminal): Sign that corneal sensation may be lost.
OR
-Pigmentation of the nail and proximal nail fold
-Sign of melanoma.
Fanconi _____ ?
Syndrome
-Failure of nephron to reabsorb sugar, amino acids, and bicarbonate- which present in the urine.
-Also other ions, especially calcium/phosphate.
-Main causes: Cystenosis or Myeloma
-Cystine = PCT cell damage.
-Myeloma = Light chain lining of PCT.
Von Hippel Lindau _____ ?
Disease
-Autosomal dominant disease causing a reduction in tumour suppression genes»_space;> Renal Cell Carcinoma.
-Loss of VHL gene (tumour suppressor gene).
Goodpasture’s ____ ?
Syndrome
-Attack on type IV collagen in lungs and glomeruli, causing basement membrane dysfunction.
-AKA “Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease”.
Rotterdam _____ ?
Criteria for the Diagnosis of PCOS:
-Menstrual irregularity
-Clinical or biochemical evidence of -hyperandrogenism
-Polycystic ovaries on USS (>12 cysts)
Eisenmenger’s _____ ?
Syndrome
-Secondary pulmonary hypertension and shunt-reversal due to VSD
-Untreated congenital cardiac defect leading to cyanosis due to ^^
Bradford Hill _____?
Criteria
-A group of minimal conditions necessary to provide adequate evidence of a causal relationship
Tanner _____?
Scale
-Used to describe physical development based on external sex characteristics
12 for buds and 16 for menses = Upper limit in females
Testicles first then penis in men.
Gleason ____ ?
Grading
-Grading for prostate cancer
1- Small uniform
2- Space between glands
3- Infiltration from cells from gland at margin.
4- Irregular masses of neoplastic cells and fewer gland cells.
5- Lack of, or occasional, glands + sheets of cells.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob ____?
Disease
-Rare and fatal condition that affects the brain
-Causes brain damage that worsens rapidly over time
-Caused by prions, e.g “Mad cow disease”.
Murphy’s _____ ?
Sign,
-Inspirational arrest on palpitation of RUQ.
-Suggestive of cholecystitis.
-Only positive if not repeatable on L side
Friedreich’s ____ ?
Ataxia (FA)
-Autosomal Recessive cerebellar Ataxia
-Increased risk of CV issues / Diabetes
Becker’s ____ ?
Muscular Dystrophy
-X-Linked Recessive
-Issue with dystrophin, less severe than Duchenne’s
-Onset around age 10-20years.
Uhthoff’s ____ ?
Phenomenon
-Paraesthesia
-Intolerance to heat
L’hermitte’s ____ ?
Sign
-Sudden sensation electric-like shock pasing down back of neck and into spine
-May then radiate out into arms and legs
-Usually triggered by bending head forward towards chest
-In MS
Rovsing’s _____ ?
Sign
-Sign of appendicitis
-Palpation of the left lower quadrant of a person’s abdomen –> increases pain felt in the right lower quadrant –> patient is said to have a positive Rovsing’s sign –> may have appendicitis.
Trendelenburg’s _____ ?
Sign
-Of dysfunction of hip when assessing gait
-Positive indicated weakness of hip abductor muscles
Salter-Harris ____ ____ ?
Fracture Classification: SALTR
-1: S LIPPED- Transverse Fracture through the growth plate.
-2: A BOVE- Fracture through growth plate and metaphysis (Away from joint)
-3: L OWER- Fracture through growth plate and epiphysis.
-4: T HROUGH- Fracture through the growth plate, epiphysis, and metaphysis.
-5: R AMMED- Fracture leading to erasure of growth plate
Pemberton’s ____ ?
Sign
-Evaluate venous obstruction in patients with goitres
-Positive when bilateral arm elevation causes facial plethora
Ann-Arbor ____ ?
Staging
-Staging for lymphoma
-I: Involvement of one lymph node
-II: More than one
-III: Both sides of diaphragm
-IV: Other organ involvement
B = Weight loss, fever, night-sweats.
Beck’s ____ ?
Triad
Associated with cardiac tamponade:
-Hypotension
-Muffled heart sounds
-Raised JVP
Gell and Coombs ____ ?
Classification (of hypersensitivity)
-1: IgE (Allergic/Anaphylaxis)
-2: Antibody-Mediated (Organ rejection etc- Cells DIE)
-3: Immune Complex (Farmer’s lungs etc)
-4: T-Cell mediated / Delayed (TB)
-5: Antibody-Mediated (MG etc. Cells DONT DIE but receptors are BLOCKED)
Kernig’s ____
Sign
-Severe stiffness of hamstrings -> inability to straighten leg when hip is flexed to 90 degrees
-Positive indicates meningitis or SAH
Kussmaul’s ____
Sign
-Cardiological sign
-Can be seen in constrictive pericarditis or cardiac tamponade
-Describes paradoxical rise in JVP on inspiration
Breathing
-Type of hyperventilation in response to metabolic acidosis, as seen in DKA
-Involves deep breathing -> attempt to expel carbon dioxide -> compensate for the metabolic acidosis
Schober’s ____
Test
-Determine if there is a decrease in spinal motion
-Ankylosing spondylitis
Auer ____ ?
Rods
-Histological sign
-Present in acute myeloid leukaemia
-Clumps of granular material forming elongated needles
Bence Jones ____
Protein
-In urine
-In myeloma (50-80%)
Centor _____ ?
Criteria for assessing chance it is group A strep.
-Fever (1)
-Exudate (1)
-Absent Cough (1)
-Anterior Cervical Lymphadenopathy (1)
-Age 3-14 (1)
-Age 15-44 (0)
-Age >44 (-1)
Zollinger-Ellison _____
Syndrome
-Results from overproduction of gastrin
-Due to neuroendocrine tumour - gastrinoma
-Ulcer formation
Cheyne-Stokes _____
Respiration
-abnormal breathing pattern characterized by oscillation between apnea and hyperpnea
-Crescendo-diminuendo ventilation pattern
-Occurs due to CO2 retention and then CO2 release and decreased sensitivity to oxygen.
Light’s _____
Criteria
-When assessing pleural fluid
-Exudative or transudative
> 0.5, >0.6 Ratio of
Protein, LDH of ascites to serum.
Meniscus _____
Sign
-Pleural effusion
-CXR: Costophrenic angle obliterated, obscured diaphragmatic contour & heart
Coombs _____
Test
-For autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
Howell-jolly _____
Bodies
-Seen in sickle cell anaemia
Psammoma ____
Bodies
-Round microscopic calcification collections
-Found in neoplasms like:
Papillary thyroid carcinoma
Cullen’s _____
Sign
-Peri-umbilical bruising in pancreatitis
Grey-Turner’s _____
Sign
-Flank bruising (caused by blood vessel auto-digestion and retroperitoneal haemorrhage)
-Seen in pancreatitis
Kartagener _____
Syndrome
-AKA primary ciliary dyskinesia
Kocher’s _____ ?
Criteria (for septic joint)
T>38.5
CRP>20
ESR>40
WCC>12
Cannot weight bear
3/4 = Septic Joint very likely.
Epworth
Slepiness scale
Good for OSA.
Bishop’s
Score for progression of labour /13
Cervical:
-Consistency - Soft good (2)
-Effacement - 80%+ Good (3)
-Dilation - 5cm+ = good (3)
-Position (Posterior…etc) anterior = good (2)
Presenting Part:
Foetal Station: +1/+2 = good (3)
Membrane sweep first always (Not real induction)
8+ = Membrane sweep or spontenous
<5 = Probably needs real induction
<3 = Induction may not be successful
