Disease Definition and Primary Mechanism Flashcards

1
Q

General Rule of thumb for defining things:

A

-1: Chronic, acute, (+-degenerative)

-2: Surgical Sieve Classification:
VITAMIN-CDEF
Vasc, Infective, Traumatic, Autoimmune, Metabolic, Iatrogenic, Neoplastic, Congenital, Degenerative, Environmental, Functional.

-3: Part of the body it affects:
E.g; Small joints in hands, symmetrically,
E.g; Lung parenchyma, motor neurones

-4: Mechanism:
E.g; Via T-cell mediated…

-5: Characterised:
E.g; Characterised by swelling, stiffness

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2
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

-Degenerative
-Mechanical
-Loss of cartilage, bone remodelling: ‘Wear and tear”.
-Joint pain and stiffness, and functional limitation.

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3
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

A common chronic inflammatory joint disease commonly affecting the small joints in the hands and feet.

Characterised by symmetrical swelling, stiffness, and pain in multiple small joints.

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4
Q

Osteoporosis

A

A skeletal disease characterised by low bone-density and micro-architectural defects which results in increased bone fragility and susceptibility to fractures.

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5
Q

Gullian-Barre Syndrome

A

An acute autoimmune inflammatory disease affecting peripheral motor and sensory axons, causing reactive demyelination, characterised by loss of motor and/or sensory function initially in a glove-and-stocking distribution, before spreading proximally.

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6
Q

Multiple Myeloma

A

A chronic neoplastic condition of bone-marrow plasma cells where excessive monoclonal antibodies are produced, characterised by renal dysfunction, anaemia, and bony-lytic lesions causing pain.

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7
Q

Pneumonia

A

Classically an acute infective condition of the lung parenchyma caused by infiltration with bacteria, viruses, fungi, or protozoa which then cause inflammation, characterised by cough and breathing difficulties.

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8
Q

Femur fracture

A

A hyperacute traumatic condition of the femur, caused by mechanical impact, breaking the bone tissue, characterised by severe pain, immobility, and often neurological and vascular damage.

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9
Q

Minimal Change Disease

A

An acutely presenting condition of damage to glomerular podocytes, with multiple possible aetiologies, most commonly idiopathic, resulting in excessive protein excretion in the kidneys (nephrotic syndrome), characterised by oedema, hyperlipidaemia, and hypoalbuminaemia.

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