test 7

Question 1

In shock​ states, what general principle can be observed regarding​ perfusion?

Answer 1

Perfusion in some areas is inadequate because the circulatory system malfunctions.

Question 2

Hypoperfusion​ is:

Answer 2

inadequate blood flow to the tissues.

Question 3

You have been called to a nursing​ home, where you find an​ 88-year-old female patient who is confused and combative. The staff states that this is not her normal behavior but that she has been bedridden from a previous stroke. They also report that she has had a recent urinary tract infection from an indwelling catheter. You note that her skin is flushed and​ warm, her pulse is​ 108, and her blood pressure is​ 80/44. You should​ suspect:

Answer 3

septic shock.

Question 4

As you approach a patient with severe hemorrhaging from one​ arm, what should you do​ first?

Answer 4

Don Standard Precautions before touching the patient

Question 5

Your patient presents with signs and symptoms of shock after a motor vehicle crash. Which of the following would be one such​ sign?

Answer 5

Apparent agitation

Question 6

In all forms of​ shock, what is the greatest consequence to the​ body?

Answer 6

Inadequate delivery of oxygen to the cells

Question 7

You are treating a​ 42-year-old male complaining of chest pain and shortness of breath. You notice that he appears​ pale, cool, and sweaty. What is the most likely reason for these​ findings?

Answer 7

Blood vessels constrict in response to sympathetic​ stimulation, causing a decrease in blood flow to the skin.

Question 8

If a patient in shock is able to maintain​ perfusion, then this​ is:

Answer 8

compensated shock.

Question 9

You are managing a​ 27-year-old female with severe hemorrhage from her right ankle after a motor vehicle collision. You are unable to stop the hemorrhage with direct pressure. What intervention should you try​ next?

Answer 9

Apply a tourniquet proximal to the wound on the​ patient’s femur.
This is the correct answer.

Question 10

You suspect that your patient has a GI bleed. She presents with​ tachycardia, hypotension, and pale skin. What stage of shock is she most likely​ in?

Answer 10

Decompensated shock

Question 11

In neurogenic​ shock, what mechanism causes​ hypoperfusion?

Answer 11

Arteries that are under continuous nervous control lose their ability to maintain contraction and dilate​ fully, causing a drop in blood pressure.

Question 12

Which of the following would be the best approach for a patient who was in shock secondary to internal​ bleeding?

Answer 12

Provide necessary care while transporting the patient to a hospital that can provide surgical intervention.

Question 13

During severe external​ bleeding, the brain may suffer a lack of oxygen. Which of the following contributes most to that lack of​ oxygen?

Answer 13

A reduction in the number of red blood cells and blood pressure

Question 14

The problem of blood vessels dilating in compensation for trauma is primarily related​ to:

Answer 14

vascular capacity that is too great.

Question 15

When assessing a​ patient, consider the possibility of closed​ soft-tissue injuries whenever there is​ swelling, pain, or​ deformity, as well​ as:

Answer 15

a mechanism of blunt trauma.

Question 16

Your patient suffered a severe electrical burn injury. In your emergency​ care, you should​ always:

Answer 16

assess for an entrance and an exit wound.

Question 17

​Generally, when providing emergency care of open​ wounds, the first thing you would do​ is:

Answer 17

expose the wound.

Question 18

All burns are to be treated as more serious​ if:

Answer 18

accompanied by other injuries or medical problems.

Question 19

For a young child with isolated genital​ injuries, you​ should:

Answer 19

consider the possibility of​ abuse, and treat the child with sensitivity.

Question 20

The layer of skin that is rich with blood​ vessels, nerves, and specialized structures is​ the:

Answer 20

dermis.

Question 21

Your patient has a large bump on the forehead from being hit by a baseball. What type of injury is​ this?

Answer 21

Hematoma

Question 22

In caring for an amputated​ part, it is important​ to:

Answer 22

wrap the part in sterile gauze and keep it cool.

Question 23

What is the resulting injury called when the burn penetrates all the way to the bottom layer of​ skin?

Answer 23

​Full-thickness

Question 24

Part of the assessment of a thermal burn is to calculate the percentage of the body surface area that has been burned. Your patient has burns to her anterior torso​ (chest and​ abdomen) and the anterior surface of her right arm. What is the estimated percentage of body surface​ burned?

Answer 24

​ 22.5%

Question 25

Damage to which of the following organs is least likely in the case of abdominal​ bruising?

Answer 25

Lungs

Question 26

Which layer of the skin provides shock absorption and​ insulation?

Answer 26

Subcutaneous

Question 27

What is the purpose of a​ flutter-valve occlusive​ dressing?

Answer 27

To allow air to escape but not enter

Question 28

Injury to which of the following organs would be most likely to cause​ peritonitis?

Answer 28

Small intestine

Question 29

When air is present in the chest​ cavity, the injury is called​ a:

Answer 29

pneumothorax.

Question 30

Your patient was just involved in a motor vehicle collision. She is breathing very fast and shallowly. You auscultate her lung sounds and find diminished breath sounds on the right side. You suspect that the patient is most likely suffering​ from:

Answer 30

simple pneumothorax.

Question 31

A fracture that results in multiple bone pieces at the fracture site is termed​ a:

Answer 31

comminuted fracture.

Question 32

To realign an​ extremity, an EMT grasps the distal extremity while a partner places one hand above and one hand below the injury​ site, and​ then:

Answer 32

the partner supports the site while the first EMT creates gentle manual traction in the direction of the long axis of the extremity.

Question 33

To stabilize a hip​ fracture, how should you bind the legs​ together?

Answer 33

Place a folded blanket between the​ patient’s legs and bind the legs together with wide​ straps, Velcro-equipped​ straps, or wide cravats.

Question 34

For a​ high-priority, unstable patient with musculoskeletal​ injuries, you​ should:

Answer 34

immobilize the whole body on a long spine board and​ “load and​ go.”

Question 35

The first effects of a bone injury are swelling of soft tissue​ and:

Answer 35

the formation of a blood clot in the area of the fracture.

Question 36

The humerus is an example of​ a(n):

Answer 36

appendicular bone.

Question 37

A​ 22-year-old female patient slipped running down​ stairs, and has injured her right tibia and fibula. You have used an air splint to splint the injury. To test the​ splint, you​ can:

Answer 37

see if you can cause a slight dent in the plastic with fingertip pressure.

Question 38

The first step in the progression of compartment syndrome is​ that:

Answer 38

a fracture or crush injury causes bleeding or swelling in an extremity

Question 39

When treating a patient with an open musculoskeletal injury to the​ thigh, how would you best treat the open​ wound?

Answer 39

Cover the open wound with a sterile​ dressing, elevate the​ extremity, and apply a cold pack to the area to help reduce swelling.

Question 40

An injury to the cranium would directly​ affect:

Answer 40

the bony structure making up the forehead and​ top, back, and upper sides of the skull.

Question 41

You just arrived at the scene of a motor vehicle crash involving two cars. The passenger of one car is sitting in the front​ seat, unconscious, with her chin to her chest. She is having snoring​ respirations, so you carefully position her head in a neutral position to clear her airway. In doing​ so, you notice that her nose is​ bleeding, there is a reddened area on her forehead at the​ hairline, and the windshield is​ starred, with some hair stuck in the fractured glass. What type of cervical injury should you​ suspect?

Answer 41

Extension or flexion injury

Question 42

Which of the following describes shock following spinal​ injury?

Answer 42

Dilation of the blood​ vessels, resulting in reduction of perfusion to tissues

Question 43

The catcher at a baseball game is struck on the front of his head by a thrown bat. He sustains a cerebral bruise on the front of his brain but also has a contusion on the back of his brain. The bruise on the back of his brain is called​ a(n):

Answer 43

contrecoup injury.

Question 44

You find out that one of your patients from an earlier car wreck suffered bleeding that caused the blood to collect and pool within the​ patient’s skull. Based on this​ information, you know that the patient most likely suffered which type of brain​ injury?

Answer 44

Hematoma

Question 45

A​ 22-year-old male patient was involved in a physical altercation at a bar. He has no evidence of head​ trauma, and reportedly did not fall or lose consciousness at any time. His only complaint is pain upon deep inspiration along the front of his left rib cage. Given the mechanism of injury and his​ presentation, should this patient be​ immobilized?

Answer 45

Probably​ not, because he does not have the mechanism of injury or the symptoms to suggest the need

Question 46

When you are stabilizing an impaled object in the​ head, always:

Answer 46

use bulky and rigid support.

Question 47

The region where the jaw articulates with the remainder of the head is termed​ the:

Answer 47

temporomandibular joint.

Question 48

You are treating a​ 6-year-old car crash​ victim, and have decided to immobilize him. You should refrain from doing which of the​ following?

Answer 48

Securing the patient in his child safety seat

Question 49

You are caring for a​ 19-year-old female patient who was involved in a motor vehicle crash. She sustained​ blunt-force trauma to her face with​ contusions, swelling, and minor bleeding throughout her facial region. Which of the following findings most strongly suggests a fractured​ mandible?

Answer 49

Lower teeth that are out of alignment in the front

Question 50

Manual cervical stabilization should be provided to all patients with a significant mechanism of injury​ until:

Answer 50

completion of the assessment.

Question 51

The regions on the surface of the body that individually are innervated by a single spinal nerve are​ called:

Answer 51

dermatomes.

Question 52

A brain injury is classified as nontraumatic if it​ is:

Answer 52

not attributable to an external cause.

Question 53

You have established manual​ in-line cervical spine stabilization of an unconscious trauma patient. You may release manual​ stabilization:

Answer 53

when the patient is fully immobilized and secured to the backboard.

Question 54

When​ crushed, the liver and​ spleen:

Answer 54

bleed profusely and cause shock.

Question 55

A patient who was injured by lightning is awake on your arrival but is not able to hear what you are saying. He can​ talk, and is frightened because he does not know what happened. The patient was in a picnic area at a park and was thrown several feet to the ground when the lightning struck near him. Which of the following steps has the highest priority in this​ patient’s assessment and​ treatment?

Answer 55

Care for spine​ injuries, head​ injuries, and severe fractures.

Question 56

The problem of blood vessels dilating in compensation for trauma is primarily related​ to:

Answer 56

vascular capacity that is too great.

Question 57

Which of the following is the best indicator of perfusion in the​ adult?

Answer 57

Mental state and alertness

Question 58

When a patient has significant blood​ loss, which of the following clinical findings would you expect to find that signifies the presence of​ shock?

Answer 58

rapid heart rate