test 5 Flashcards
A 54-year-old male is found pulseless and apneic on the sofa. The scene is safe. You should first:
start CPR and retrieve an AED.
The Zoll AutoPulse device is designed:
to be started manually.
ALS personnel have just placed an advanced airway in an adult cardiac arrest patient. You should:
deliver positive pressure ventilations at 10-12 breaths per minute.
You are caring for a cardiac arrest patient who has a body temperature of 84F. You attempt defibrillation once with no success. At what core body temperature should you attempt defibrillation again?
86F
What is not a typical sign of stroke?
Heightened alertness
A patient fainted when she tried to stand up, and you discover signs of internal bleeding during your assessment. This patient’s syncope was likely from:
hypovolemia.
Hyperglycemia is usually caused by a decrease in insulin, which:
leaves sugar in the bloodstream rather than helping it enter the cells.
Why does diabetic ketoacidosis cause dehydration?
In an attempt to rid the blood of excess sugar, the body will increase urination.
Your patient is a 19-year-old male who was reportedly unconscious for a brief time. You learn that he regained consciousness in about 30 seconds. You find no evidence of drowsiness or neurological deficits. Which of the following is most likely the cause?
Syncope
Which of the following statements about patients with altered mental status is correct?
One of the most common causes of altered mental status is hypoxia.
A 50-year-old female patient has been found unconscious and unresponsive. She is breathing rapidly and has pale, sweaty skin. Her vital signs are P 130, R 30, BP 140/80. Which of the following conditions would most likely explain these findings?
C.
Hypoglycemia
Hyperglycemia typically develops:
over days or even weeks.
over days or even weeks.
cardiac dysrhythmia.
After a period of syncope lasting 30 seconds, your patient is now reporting a “fluttering” in his chest and generalized weakness. Which of the following is necessary?
Requesting ALS to support the patient’s care
A patient was running a riding lawnmower in a closed garage and experienced dizziness. Immediately after opening the garage door, the patient experienced syncope that lasted for several moments. It is most likely that the cause of the patient’s syncope was:
toxicological.
Which of the following conditions presents the greatest immediate danger to the patient?
Status epilepticus
In taking the history of a patient who has had a convulsive seizure, you discover the patient is epileptic, which means that the patient experiences seizures:
from an unknown cause.
Hyperglycemia is often due to:
a lack of insulin.
A patient experiencing disorientation and a lowered state of alertness is experiencing a failure of the reticular activating system (RAS), which is responsible for:
consciousness.
During your physical examination of a diabetic patient, you discover a small device on the patient’s belt. There is a catheter from the device into the patient’s abdomen. This device is likely:
an insulin pump.
A person in a hypoxic state experiences an altered mental status because in the reticular activating system, oxygen is needed to:
perfuse the brain tissue.
Which of the following findings from the SAMPLE and OPQRST history of a seizure patient is of greatest concern to the EMT?
The patient stopped taking his antiseizure medicine.
For a patient who is hypoxic, hyperglycemic, dehydrated, and with altered mental status, you would expect that what would most make this patient prone to a seizure would be the:
v
hypoxia.
Which of the following substances specifically nourishes the brain to enable consciousness?
Glucose
A 62-year-old male complains of weakness on one side of his body and slurred speech. After you arrive and evaluate the patient, you notice that the symptoms are beginning to subside. What is the likely cause of the patient’s condition?
Transient ischemic attack
A 52-year-old female has been found wandering outside. Bystanders suspect that she is intoxicated. You note slurred speech and diaphoretic skin. The patient’s vital signs are P 118, R 24, BP 140/83. You should next:
assess blood glucose.
A 26-year-old female complains of 6 hours of vomiting and diarrhea. She is dizzy and lightheaded but feels better while lying down. What follow-up question would be best to ask if the patient answers yes to the question “Have you had any similar episodes in the past?”
“What cause was found?”
Your diabetic ketoacidosis patient has rapid breathing and a fruity odor on his breath. This is likely due to:
the presence of ketones.
To optimize the care of a stroke patient who is a potential candidate for thrombolytics, an EMT can determine and document the exact time of:
onset of symptoms.
an anaphylactic reaction, hives are:
Generalized
10-year-old male was stung by several bees. Shortly after the envenomation, his face became severely swollen. This edema is the result of:
increased capillary permeability.
Which of the following is caused by a histamine release during an allergic reaction?
Increased leakage of fluids from blood vessels
For a hypotensive patient, which of the following effects of epinephrine would be most important?
Vasoconstriction
patient carrying a prescribed epinephrine auto-injector:
may ask you for assistance with using the device.
Urticaria is another term for:
hives.
Which of the following is an anticipated side effect of epinephrine administration?
Tachycardia
What change in vital signs would typically indicate that a patient with an allergic reaction has progressed to anaphylaxis?
Decreased oxygen saturation
What finding most clearly indicates anaphylaxis?
Generalized pallor
In a patient experiencing sepsis who has not progressed to septic shock, you would expect to see which of the following?
The ability to produce white blood cells may be limited or exhausted.
What type of infection is unlikely to lead to sepsis?
Localized
If a patient dies from a disease that was easily curable with an antibiotic several years ago, what has likely occurred?
The bacteria causing the disease have become immune to the antibiotic.
Which statement describes viruses?
They need either DNA or RNA to reproduce.
You are leading an educational session at a high school, and one of the students asks if AIDS can be spread by hugging. How do you respond?
Tell the student that isn’t how AIDS spreads, and then summarize the routes of transmission.
Repeated hepatitis A outbreaks at a local homeless shelter have made people reluctant to volunteer there. What could be done to address this?
Review the shelter’s hand hygiene and food-preparation protocols.
A patient presents with new-onset altered mental status and vital signs of T 101.3F, P 90, R 20, and BP 90/60. Based on these stats and using SIRS criteria, do you give the emergency department a sepsis alert?
Yes, because the temperature and altered mental status meet the SIRS criteria
This is the correct answer.
A patient presents with vital signs of T 100.1F, P 118, R 30, and BP 100/60. Based on these stats and using SIRS criteria, do you give the emergency department a sepsis alert?
Yes, because of the heart and respiratory rates
Bacteria are living organisms that:
consist of a single cell.
