test 5

Question 1

A​ 54-year-old male is found pulseless and apneic on the sofa. The scene is safe. You should​ first:

Answer 1

start CPR and retrieve an AED.

Question 2

The Zoll AutoPulse device is​ designed:

Answer 2

to be started manually.

Question 3

ALS personnel have just placed an advanced airway in an adult cardiac arrest patient. You​ should:

Answer 3

deliver positive pressure ventilations at 10-12 breaths per minute.

Question 4

You are caring for a cardiac arrest patient who has a body temperature of 84F. You attempt defibrillation once with no success. At what core body temperature should you attempt defibrillation​ again?

Answer 4

86F

Question 5

What is not a typical sign of​ stroke?

Answer 5

Heightened alertness

Question 6

A patient fainted when she tried to stand​ up, and you discover signs of internal bleeding during your assessment. This​ patient’s syncope was likely​ from:

Answer 6

hypovolemia.

Question 7

Hyperglycemia is usually caused by a decrease in​ insulin, which:

Answer 7

leaves sugar in the bloodstream rather than helping it enter the cells.

Question 8

Why does diabetic ketoacidosis cause​ dehydration?

Answer 8

In an attempt to rid the blood of excess​ sugar, the body will increase urination.

Question 9

Your patient is a​ 19-year-old male who was reportedly unconscious for a brief time. You learn that he regained consciousness in about 30 seconds. You find no evidence of drowsiness or neurological deficits. Which of the following is most likely the​ cause?

Answer 9

Syncope

Question 10

Which of the following statements about patients with altered mental status is​ correct?

Answer 10

One of the most common causes of altered mental status is hypoxia.

Question 11

A​ 50-year-old female patient has been found unconscious and unresponsive. She is breathing rapidly and has​ pale, sweaty skin. Her vital signs are P​ 130, R​ 30, BP​ 140/80. Which of the following conditions would most likely explain these​ findings?

Answer 11

C.
Hypoglycemia

Question 12

Hyperglycemia typically​ develops:

Answer 12

over days or even weeks.

Question 13

over days or even weeks.

Answer 13

cardiac dysrhythmia.

Question 14

After a period of syncope lasting 30​ seconds, your patient is now reporting a​ “fluttering” in his chest and generalized weakness. Which of the following is​ necessary?

Answer 14

Requesting ALS to support the​ patient’s care

Question 15

A patient was running a riding lawnmower in a closed garage and experienced dizziness. Immediately after opening the garage​ door, the patient experienced syncope that lasted for several moments. It is most likely that the cause of the​ patient’s syncope​ was:

Answer 15

toxicological.

Question 16

Which of the following conditions presents the greatest immediate danger to the​ patient?

Answer 16

Status epilepticus

Question 17

In taking the history of a patient who has had a convulsive​ seizure, you discover the patient is​ epileptic, which means that the patient experiences​ seizures:

Answer 17

from an unknown cause.

Question 18

Hyperglycemia is often due​ to:

Answer 18

a lack of insulin.

Question 19

A patient experiencing disorientation and a lowered state of alertness is experiencing a failure of the reticular activating system​ (RAS), which is responsible​ for:

Answer 19

consciousness.

Question 20

During your physical examination of a diabetic​ patient, you discover a small device on the​ patient’s belt. There is a catheter from the device into the​ patient’s abdomen. This device is​ likely:

Answer 20

an insulin pump.

Question 21

A person in a hypoxic state experiences an altered mental status because in the reticular activating​ system, oxygen is needed​ to:

Answer 21

perfuse the brain tissue.

Question 22

Which of the following findings from the SAMPLE and OPQRST history of a seizure patient is of greatest concern to the​ EMT?

Answer 22

The patient stopped taking his antiseizure medicine.

Question 23

For a patient who is​ hypoxic, hyperglycemic,​ dehydrated, and with altered mental​ status, you would expect that what would most make this patient prone to a seizure would be​ the:
v

Answer 23

hypoxia.

Question 24

Which of the following substances specifically nourishes the brain to enable​ consciousness?

Answer 24

Glucose

Question 25

A​ 62-year-old male complains of weakness on one side of his body and slurred speech. After you arrive and evaluate the​ patient, you notice that the symptoms are beginning to subside. What is the likely cause of the​ patient’s condition?

Answer 25

Transient ischemic attack

Question 26

A​ 52-year-old female has been found wandering outside. Bystanders suspect that she is intoxicated. You note slurred speech and diaphoretic skin. The​ patient’s vital signs are P​ 118, R​ 24, BP​ 140/83. You should​ next:

Answer 26

assess blood glucose.

Question 27

A​ 26-year-old female complains of 6 hours of vomiting and diarrhea. She is dizzy and lightheaded but feels better while lying down. What​ follow-up question would be best to ask if the patient answers yes to the question​ “Have you had any similar episodes in the​ past?”

Answer 27

“What cause was​ found?”

Question 28

Your diabetic ketoacidosis patient has rapid breathing and a fruity odor on his breath. This is likely due​ to:

Answer 28

the presence of ketones.

Question 29

To optimize the care of a stroke patient who is a potential candidate for​ thrombolytics, an EMT can determine and document the exact time​ of:

Answer 29

onset of symptoms.

Question 30

an anaphylactic​ reaction, hives​ are:

Answer 30

Generalized

Question 31

10-year-old male was stung by several bees. Shortly after the​ envenomation, his face became severely swollen. This edema is the result​ of:

Answer 31

increased capillary permeability.

Question 32

Which of the following is caused by a histamine release during an allergic​ reaction?

Answer 32

Increased leakage of fluids from blood vessels

Question 33

For a hypotensive​ patient, which of the following effects of epinephrine would be most​ important?

Answer 33

Vasoconstriction

Question 34

patient carrying a prescribed epinephrine​ auto-injector:

Answer 34

may ask you for assistance with using the device.

Question 35

Urticaria is another term​ for:

Answer 35

hives.

Question 36

Which of the following is an anticipated side effect of epinephrine​ administration?

Answer 36

Tachycardia

Question 37

What change in vital signs would typically indicate that a patient with an allergic reaction has progressed to​ anaphylaxis?

Answer 37

Decreased oxygen saturation

Question 38

What finding most clearly indicates​ anaphylaxis?

Answer 38

Generalized pallor

Question 39

In a patient experiencing sepsis who has not progressed to septic​ shock, you would expect to see which of the​ following?

Answer 39

The ability to produce white blood cells may be limited or exhausted.

Question 40

What type of infection is unlikely to lead to​ sepsis?

Answer 40

Localized

Question 41

If a patient dies from a disease that was easily curable with an antibiotic several years​ ago, what has likely​ occurred?

Answer 41

The bacteria causing the disease have become immune to the antibiotic.

Question 42

Which statement describes​ viruses?

Answer 42

They need either DNA or RNA to reproduce.

Question 43

You are leading an educational session at a high​ school, and one of the students asks if AIDS can be spread by hugging. How do you​ respond?

Answer 43

Tell the student that​ isn’t how AIDS​ spreads, and then summarize the routes of transmission.

Question 44

Repeated hepatitis A outbreaks at a local homeless shelter have made people reluctant to volunteer there. What could be done to address​ this?

Answer 44

Review the​ shelter’s hand hygiene and​ food-preparation protocols.

Question 45

A patient presents with​ new-onset altered mental status and vital signs of T 101.3​F, P​ 90, R​ 20, and BP​ 90/60. Based on these stats and using SIRS​ criteria, do you give the emergency department a sepsis​ alert?

Answer 45

Yes, because the temperature and altered mental status meet the SIRS criteria
This is the correct answer.

Question 46

A patient presents with vital signs of T 100.1​F, P​ 118, R​ 30, and BP​ 100/60. Based on these stats and using SIRS​ criteria, do you give the emergency department a sepsis​ alert?

Answer 46

​Yes, because of the heart and respiratory rates

Question 47

Bacteria are living organisms​ that:

Answer 47

consist of a single cell.