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Test 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Aerobic metabolism

A

The cellular process in which oxygen is used to metabolize glucose.

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2
Q

Perfusion

A

The supply of oxygen and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the body resulting the blood flow through the capillaries.

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3
Q

How is stroke volume​ defined?

A

The amount of blood pumped from the heart with each contraction

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4
Q

Cellular energy​ (ATP) is important to the cells because it is needed for the operation of​ the:

A

sodium potassium pumps.

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5
Q

hemoglobin

A

High levels of acid in the body affect the​ oxygen-carrying molecules in the blood

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6
Q

A loss of blood vessel tone refers to an inability of blood vessels to control​ their:

A

diameter

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7
Q

Excessive permeability is a condition affecting​ the:

A

capillaires

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8
Q

How do chemoreceptors aid in compensating for​ shock?

A

They sense increasing carbon dioxide and​ hypoxia, and stimulate the respiratory system.

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9
Q

Which of the following would you expect to see if a​ patient’s body were compensating for impaired cardiopulmonary​ function?

A

increased heart rate

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10
Q

The term pathophysiology means the study​ of:

A

how disease processes affect the function of the body.

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11
Q

diaphoresis

A

Pale skin that is cool and moist to the touch

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12
Q

What effect does sympathetic nervous system stimulation of the heart have on cardiac​ output?

A

The heart rate​ increases, increasing cardiac output.

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13
Q

When a patient is going into decompensated​ shock, what is the one major noticeable change in vital​ signs?

A

diaphoresis

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14
Q

Swelling of tissue due to the movement of water into the interstitial space

A

edema

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15
Q

When pressure inside the blood vessels is​ high, the tendency will be to move the fluid portion of the blood​ out, which is seen in disorders such

A

pulmonary edema

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16
Q

The pressure within a vessel that tends to push water out of the vessel​ is:

A

plasma oncotic pressure

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17
Q

Edema can be best observed​ in:

A

The dependent parts of the body hands feet legs

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18
Q

graves disease

A

increasion of thyroid

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19
Q

When​ severe, the serious complications of vomiting and diarrhea include​ dehydration, malnutrition, and in some cases​ ________ shock.

A

hypovolemic

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20
Q

In a hypersensitivity​ reaction, what produces​ edema?

A

Histamine

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21
Q

Dilation of the smooth muscles of blood vessels in a hypersensitivity reaction can cause what to​ happen?

A

Distributive shock

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22
Q
A
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23
Q

in respiratory​ compensation, what send messages to the brain that oxygen levels are too low or carbon dioxide levels too​ high?

A

chemoreceptors

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24
Q

Hypertension abnormally increases​ the:

A

systemic vascular resistance​ (SVR).

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25
Q

A patient with tachycardia will likely​ experience:

A

erratic heart rate

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26
Q

Which of the following is responsible for converting glucose and other nutrients into energy within a​ cell?

A

motchondria

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27
Q

A normal heart rate for an adolescent would​ be:

A

75 bpm

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28
Q

What concept is developed from an​ orderly, predictable environment versus a​ disorderly, irregular​ environment, and is characteristic of the infancy​ stage

A

trust vs mistrust

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29
Q

Typically, at what age will a child begin developing​ “magical thinking” and engage in play​ acting?

A

24-36 months

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30
Q

A normal systolic blood pressure for an infant who is 12 months old​ is:

A

90 mmhg

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31
Q

How many fontanelles does a newborn​ have, and when do they​ close?

A

2, by 18 months

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32
Q

Inadequate circulation of blood throughout the body is known​ as:

A

shock.

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33
Q

carries oxygen-depleted blood back to your heart from the lower part of your body

A

vena cava.

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34
Q

The​ ring-shaped structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx is​ the:

A

cricoid cartilage

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35
Q

Bile is created in which organ of the digestive​ system?

A

liver

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36
Q

Which layer of the skin is rich in​ glands, nerves, and blood​ vessels?

A

dermis

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37
Q

What occurs when the autonomic nervous system is stimulated by​ stressors, resulting in a​ fight-or-flight reaction?

A

blood vessels constrict

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38
Q

Which of the following cardiovascular structures carries deoxygenated​ blood?

A

Pulmonary artery

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39
Q

At the base of the aortic​ artery, where it originates from the left​ ventricle, is​ the:

A

aortic valve

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40
Q

The basic function of the pulmonary system that is known as respiration​ involves:

A

the gas exchange between circulating blood and the cells.

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41
Q

Compared with​ adults, the​ infant’s rib cage toward the bottom is not​ as:

A

curved inward

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42
Q

The coronary arteries are responsible​ for:

A

suppplying to the heart

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43
Q

Which division of the nervous system carries sensory information to the spinal cord and brain and motor information from the brain to the​ body?

A

Peripheral nervous system

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44
Q

The basic function of the pulmonary system that is known as ventilation​ involves:

A

the movement of gases to and from the alveoli.

45
Q

Which of the following is a best practice for an​ EMT?

A. Always use medical terminology around patients you are treating.
B. Explain medical procedures to a patient using acronyms.
C. Resist the urge to use complex medical terminology when a simple term will do.

A

C. Resist the urge to use complex medical terminology when a simple term will do.

46
Q

An EMT uses the abbreviation CPAP when speaking to another EMT. This is an appropriate use of an abbreviation​ because:

A

this is an abbreviation another EMT is likely to be familiar with.

47
Q

The contraction of smooth muscle that lines the bronchial passages is​ called:

A

bronchoconstriction.

48
Q

Which of the following is TRUE of airway control of the unconscious medical​ patient?

A

The EMT will likely need to maintain airway control for this patient.

49
Q

If you hear a gurgling sound when you are assessing the airway or during artificial​ ventilation, you​ should:

A

immediately apply suction to remove the liquid from the airway

50
Q

Which of the following statements is true of the oropharyngeal​ airway?

A

An appropriate manual airway technique should be used before using the OPA

51
Q

You are caring for an adult who witnesses say became unconscious on the couch and slid to the carpeted floor. She appears to have taken an overdose of a medication. What technique should you use to open her​ airway?

A

Head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver

52
Q

Which of the following is true regarding the use of a rigid suction​ catheter?

A

is important to never lose sight of the tip.

53
Q

During​ bronchoconstriction, the smooth muscle that lines the bronchial passages​ contracts, resulting in a decrease of the internal diameter of the airway and an increase​ of:

A

resistance to airflow.

54
Q

To locate the lower airway on a​ diagram, you would point to the​ area:

A

below the larynx.

55
Q

If a skull fracture has caused brain tissue to be visible in the​ pharynx, then​ suctioning:

A

limited to the mouth

56
Q

If a patient has a medical problem that caused him to pass out and strike his​ head, the EMT should open the airway by using​ the:

A

​jaw-thrust maneuver.

57
Q

You are suctioning the oral cavity of a patient who is vomiting profusely. You are using a soft​ (French) catheter to help clear the oral​ cavity, but it keeps getting clogged. What should you​ do?

A

Use​ large-bore rigid tubing.

58
Q

Which of the following steps is correct in using the​ jaw-thrust maneuver to open a​ patient’s airway?

A

Stabilize the​ patient’s head.

59
Q

When an infant is unconscious in​ bed, what procedure should the EMT use to open the​ airway?

A

Head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver

60
Q

What is the name of the large leaflike structure that protects the glottic opening and that would be pictured just above the larynx in a​ diagram?

A

Epiglottis

61
Q

A condition that reduces the number of​ oxygen-carrying red blood cells​ is:

A

anemia.

62
Q

Which of the following is the function of the respiratory​ system

A

Ventilation and oxygenation

63
Q

Which of the following is a sign of sympathetic nervous system​ stimulation?

A

Increased heart rate

64
Q

The upper chambers of the heart are known as​ the

A

Atria

65
Q

After leaving a​ capillary, blood enters what structure on its trip back to the​ heart

A

Venule

66
Q

The muscular tube between the stomach and the large​ intestine, divided into the​ duodenum, the​ jejunum, and the​ ileum, is​ the:

A

Small intestine

67
Q

Deoxygenated blood FIRST enters the​ heart’s

A

Right atrium

68
Q

Blood returns to the heart from the lungs by way of​ the:

A

Pulmonary vein

69
Q

What structure in the musculoskeletal system is designed to connect a bone to another​ bone

A

Ligament

70
Q

A patient with tachycardia will likely​ experience

A

decreased stroke volume

71
Q

level of the vocal cords that defines the boundary between the upper and lower airways.

A

glottic opening

72
Q

a high-pitched sound generated from partially obstructed airflow in the upper airway.

A

stridor

73
Q

the amount of air that reaches the alveoli

A

alveolar ventilation

74
Q

forcing air or oxygen into the lungs when a patient has stopped breathing or has inadequate breathing.

A

artificial ventilation

75
Q

device that provides positive pressure ventilations. It includes settings designed to adjust ventilation rate and volume, is portable, and is easily carried on an ambulance.

A

automatic transport ventilator (ATV)

76
Q

the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between cells and circulating blood.

A

cellular respiration

77
Q

a blue or gray color resulting from lack of oxygen in the body.

A

cyanosis

78
Q

a process by which molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

A

diffusion

79
Q

a valve that indicates the flow of oxygen in liters per minute.

A

flowmeter

80
Q

an insufficiency of oxygen in the body’s tissues.

A

hypoxia

81
Q

the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and circulating blood in the pulmonary capillaries.

A

pulmonary respiration

82
Q

a device designed to be placed over a stoma

A

tracheostomy mask

83
Q

ventilation/perfusion match. This implies that the alveoli are supplied with enough air and that the air in the alveoli is matched with sufficient blood in the pulmonary capillaries to permit optimum exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

A

V/Q match

84
Q

the volume of air moved in one cycle of breathing.

A

tidal volume

85
Q

the pressure in the peripheral blood vessels that the heart must overcome to pump blood into the system.

A

systemic vascular resistance (SVR)

86
Q

sensors in blood vessels that identify internal pressure.

A

stretch receptors

87
Q

hyperfusion

A

shock

88
Q

the supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.

A

perfusion

89
Q

pressure the pull exerted by large proteins in the plasma portion of blood that tends to pull water from the body into the bloodstream.

A

plasma oncotic

90
Q

the cellular process in which oxygen is used to metabolize glucose.

A

aerobic metabolism

91
Q

cellular process in which glucose is metabolized into energy without oxygen. Energy is produced in an inefficient manner, with many waste products.

A

anaerobic metabolism

92
Q

chemical sensors in the brain and blood vessels that identify changing levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

A

chemoreceptors

93
Q

the amount of blood ejected from the heart in one minute (heart rate ∙ stroke volume).

A

cardiac output

94
Q

air that occupies the space between the mouth and alveoli but that does not actually reach the area of gas exchange.

A

dead air space

95
Q

swelling associated with the movement of water into the interstitial space.

A

edema

96
Q

fraction of inspired oxygen; the concentration of oxygen in the air we breathe

A

FiO2

97
Q
A
98
Q

an exaggerated response by the immune system to a particular substance.

A

hypersensitivity

99
Q

inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body’s cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients. A life-threatening condition. Also called shock. See also perfusion.

A

hypoperfusion

100
Q

the amount of air breathed in during each respiration multiplied by the number of breaths per minute.

A

minute volume

101
Q
A
102
Q

produce substances that help the body fight infection.

A

white blood cells

103
Q

the two lower chambers of the heart. There is a right ventricle (which sends oxygen-poor blood to the lungs) and a left ventricle (which sends oxygen-rich blood to the body).

A

ventricles

104
Q

muscular tube between the stomach and the large intestine, divided into the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum.

A

small intestine

105
Q

body system that regulates fluid balance and the filtration of blood. Also called the urinary system.

A

renal system

106
Q

the system of brain, spinal cord, and nerves that governs sensation, movement, and thought.

A

nervous system

107
Q

system of bones and skeletal muscles that support and protect the body and permit movement.

A

musculoskeletal

108
Q

the microscopic sacs of the lungs where gas exchange with the bloodstream takes place.

A

alveoli

emt (48 decks)

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