Test 7 Flashcards
Pregnancy, Childbirth & Puerperium
Patients with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes at <34 weeks gestation are managed conservatively with prophylactic latency abx (ampicillin plus azithromycin) to prolong the interval between membrane rupture and delivery, thereby improving neonatal outcomes.
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Bipolar disorder
All antidepressants carry the risk of inducing mania, especially in patients with bipolar disorder. The first step in managing treatment-emergent mania is to discontinue any antidepressants.
Aspiration PNA
A frequent complication of PD dx is the development of dysphasia and aspiration, which may be silent. Undetected dysphagia may lead to weight loss and frequent aspiration PNA. The dx is confirmed with a videofluoroscopic swallowing study. A multidisciplinary intervention is required to address nutrition and reduce the risk of recurrent aspiration pneumonia.
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Scoliosis
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is characterized by lateral curvature of the spine in an otherwise healthy adolescent. A thoracic or lumbar prominence on forward bend test is indicative of scoliosis, and a scoliometer angle of rotation greater than or equal to 7 degrees requires additional evaluation with an x-ray of the spine.
Atopic dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis typically has an onset before age 5 and follows a chronic course with periodic flares (ie, pruritic, erythematous patches in flexural distribution). It typically resolves by adulthood.
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P-value and confidence interval
P-values less than or equal to 0.05 suggest statistical significance.
Pressure induced injury
Initial management of pressure ulcers included local wound care, repositioning to reduce pressure, pain control, and nutritional support. Shallow ulcers are managed with occlusive or semipermeable dressings to maintain a moist wound environment. Full thickness wounds require more complex care, including debridement of devitalized tissues and specialized wound dressings.
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Syncope
Cardiac syncope due to ventricular tachycardia is suggested by the presence of underlying structural heart dx and the abrupt onset of syncope without prodrome. Patients with cardiac syncope are at risk of sudden cardiac death and require definitive evaluation and management.
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Seborrheic dermatitis
Is characterized by erythematous plaques with loose, greasy-looking scales on the scalp (“dandruff”), central face, and ears. Treatment options include topical antifungal agents (eg, ketoconazole, selenium sulfide), keratolytic agents (eg, salicylic acid), coal tar, topical glucocorticoids, and topical calcineurin inhibitors (eg, pimecrolimus, tacrolimus).
A chronic, relapsing condition. Initial tx can provide significant improvement in sx, but patients usually benefit from intermittent re-tx.
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Prostate cancer
External beam radiation therapy should be used for pain alleviation in patients with single or few focal bone metastatic lesions due to hormone-refractory prostate cancer.
Knee trauma
The classic dashboard injury results from a posteriorly directed force on the anterior aspect of the proximal tibia with knee in a flexed position. This results in disruption of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL).
Unlike patients with ACL injury, these patients do not complain of a typical ‘popping’ sound, and may not have an unstable knee.
Coronary artery dx
In pts with diabetes and multivessel coronary artery dx, coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is preferred over percutaneous coronary intervention due to a lower rate of all-cause mortality and myocardial infarction with CABG.
