Test 22

Question 1

Organophosphate poisoning

Answer 1

Organophosphate poisoning typically occurs after exposure to or ingestion of agricultural pesticides; acetylcholinesterase inhibition causes a cholinergic toxidrome. Tx included resuscitation, decontamination, and administration of atropine and pralidoxime as reversal agents.

Question 2

Breastfeeding

Answer 2

Exclusive breastfeeding should be encouraged for all families due to both infant and maternal benefits. Up to 10% of weight loss is generally expected within the first week of life, and continued on-demand breastfeeding should be supported.

Question 3

Chronic cough

Answer 3

Chronic cough (>4 weeks) without specific historical or examination findings warrants spirometry testing to identify underlying obstructive lung disease (asthma).

Question 4

Neonatal jaundice

Answer 4

Exchange transfusion, the removal of bilirubin and antibodies with replacement of red blood cells, is indicated for neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia on phototherapy, or signs of bilirubin-induced neurologic dysfunction.

Question 5

Clostridioides difficile infection

Answer 5

The dx of Clostridioides difficile-associated diarrhea requires the presence of characteristic sx (watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, leukocytosis) in addition to positive stool testing for C. difficile.

Question 6

Syphilis

Answer 6

The Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction is an acute febrile response that often occurs after the initial tx of spirochetal illnesses such as syphilis. No effective prevention is available, but manifestations are generally self-limited and resolve within 48 hours.