Test 28

Question 1

Sensitivity and specificity

Answer 1

The sensitivity of a test is the probability of detecting the disease if it is present.

Question 2

Orbital cellulitis

Answer 2

Both preseptal and orbital cellulitis can present with eyelid redness and swelling, fever, and conjunctivitis. However, orbital cellulitis can be distinguished from preseptal cellulitis by the presence of pain with eye movement, proptosis, or ophthalmoplegia.

Question 3

Orbital cellulitis

Answer 3

Patients with suspected orbital cellulitis should undergo prompt imaging of the orbits and sinuses with either CT scan or MRI with contrast to evaluate for potential complications (abscess) and need for possible surgical drainage.

Question 4

Patient autonomy

Answer 4

A DNR order implies “Do Not Resuscitate.” It does not mean, “Do not treat.” If the cancer patient is clinically competent and does not wish to be admitted to the hospital, he has the right to decide to stay home. Otherwise, he deserves to be treated for for his concurrent or new conditions according to standard practice.

Question 5

Informed consent

Answer 5

Informed consent is considered effective when sufficient information is provided by a physician and is easily and adequately comprehended by the patient. This discussion should be documented clearly in the patient’s record or on a standardized consent form (signature not required).