Test 38 Flashcards
Urinary incontinence
Urgency incontinence, the involuntary loss of urine that is associated with a sudden intense urge to urinate, is caused by detrusor muscle overactivity. Initial management includes bladder training with tuned voids, weight loss, smoking cessation, and avoidance of caffeine and alcohol.
Urinary incontinence
Patients with urgency incontinence who fail balder training with timed voids are treated with antimuscarinic medications such as oxybutynin and tolterodine. Patients with persistent symptoms can be considered for botulinum toxin injections or percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation.
Acne vulgaris
Initial treatment for inflammatory acne includes topical retinoids and benzoyl peroxide. Antibiotics (topical or oral) can be added for refractory or more severe cases of inflammatory acne.
Keloid
Keloids are benign fibrous growths that develop in scar tissue secondary to an overproduction of extra cellular matrix and dermal fibroblasts. Intralesional glucocorticoids are the preferred means of treating most keloids.
Keloid
Intralesional glucocorticoid injection is the preferred treatment for keloids in most cases. However, treatment failure is common and additional interventions may be needed. Later recurrence of keloids is also common.
Toxic alcohols
Fomepizole is the antidote of choice in cases of ethylene glycol and methanol intoxication. Simultaneous use with ethanol is not recommended.
Spinal stenosis
Lumbar spinal stenosis is frequently seen in elderly patients. It usually appears during the sixth decade of life, and is very unusual before that age. The associated pain characteristically disappears/decreases upon sitting down, increases with spine extension, and decreases with flexion. Therapy can be conservative or can include a lumbar epidural block. Surgical decompression through a laminectomy is an option when other therapies fail.
Fecal incontinence
Fecal impaction is a common condition in elderly patients and is often associated with overflow stool incontinence. It is managed with manual rectal disimpaction followed by enemas to clear the bowels. Once complete emptying has been achieved, the patient should increase fiber and fluid intake as well as start an aggressive bowel regimen to prevent recurrence.
