Test #6 Culture Flashcards
Identity
How people decibe themsleves or how others desibe them
- People describe us and we have to decide if these idetoties are true for us
Trioartute model
Shows that identity has many dimensions
Individual level - focuses on persons uniquness (never shared with others)
Group level - culture we are born into (look at difefrences between ourselves and group we are comparing to)
- Ex. Race, religous, ethinicty etc.
Universal level - We are all human –> means we share many similarities
Culturally Deaf people
People who use ASL + feel strongly that being deaf is a beneift/gain + Socialize with other culturally deaf people + live visual way of life
Core identity vs. Personal idetity
Both = focus on how indiviuals identofy themselves
Where do personal idetities start
Personal idetoties start within the family of origin –> teach the child about family’s culture/ethinicty
Ex. Deaf child in deaf family will absorb deaf idetoty because that is the culture of the family
Hearing kids with Deaf parents
Might start off culturally deaf + first language might me ASL –> as they get older they will be more exposed to english and they will start to build idetoty as hearing child
- Might end with core idetoty that is combination of deaf and hearing
Hearing parents and deaf culture
Hearing parents dont usually know a lot about defa culture –> how deaf child integrates a deaf idetity depends on how the family talks about the deaf part
- How much exposure child has to deaf culture may inflinve how the child creates a deaf idetoty
Deaf children in hearing family
Deaf is not always a core idetoty (espcially at first) - core idetity might be more ethnically based
How do deaf children in hearing family build deaf idetity
If interactions with other deaf people are positive and the family is supportive then it is easier for child to build a deaf idetity
IF kids make fun of child –> it is harder for them to feel positive about a deaf idetity
Catagories of Deaf idetities
Deaf and deaf (soem aboid the word deaf)
- resrecahers have tried to develop frameoworkds that explain the deaf idetity catagories
Disability Frameowork
Uses medical model of deafness as a disability to desirbe idetity catagories
Defined deaf children has having a disbility
In model:
Hearing idetofying = able bodied
Deaf idetifying = Disabled
Dual idetofying = idetofy with with both able bodied and disabled worlds
***Noted that when parents minimize deaf kids idetifying as deaf and don’t use sign their children could feel infiroir
Sociolinguistic model
Describes deaf people as cultural minorities
How did Weinberg and Sterrit make their model
Developed teh Deaf idetoty scale using iteams that would plave deaf kids into the three identity catagories –> found taht most leables as dual idetofication
Social Idetoty Theory
Sugghests that group realtionships and social orientations are important for idetity
- If minority status person is not comfertable in. minority group they won’t join group BUT if they see group as positive they they will join group
Might start unfortable –> then start to be more comfertable –> then change behviors to be part of group –> then be proud in idetity
When do deaf people join deaf groups
When they participate in programs with deaf peers, feel the program is right for them, connect with peers, and can communicate with freinds
When do peer choose deaf peers or hearing peers
Those with proud hearing loss and know sign prefer deaf peers and those who predered spoken language/less severe hearing loss prefered hearing peers
SHOWS - communication compentency helps support relationships
Racial Identity development Framework
Focuses on how members of opressed racial or thnic groups develop a positive idetity
Stage 1 - conform to majority culture
Stage 2 - Dissocance/Encounter - understand will never part of majority and being in minorty is accepatble
Stage 3 - resistence and immersion - person reists majority culture
Stage 4 - Internalization - think about balance between positives and magatives of the majority and minority culture
Stage 5 - Integrative Awareness - person apprectites majority and all cultures - more flexible to move between cultures
Deaf idetity development framework
Deaf people = minority group –> means racial idetioty development model can be applied to deaf people
Stage 1 - conform to hearing culture (spoken lanahihes and auditory technology) (be freinds with hearing people and no ASL)
Stage 2 - Hard to make hearing freinds (harder to have spoken converstaions) - doesn’t feel a sense of belonging
Stage 3 - Realization that tryiongto be hearing is not worth the struggle (hearing people are not inclusive) ; might meet soemone in the deaf community –> sees how connected deaf people are + good in ASL –> leads to anger that they tried to become hearing ; now love eveyrthing deaf and reject everything hearing
Stage 4 - Bicultural stage –> minority idetoty is internalied –> person sees pros and cons in both cultures (respect for sign and spoken languauge)
Do deaf people often follow the deaf idetity development sequence
No - many defa people do not follow development sequence
- Deaf kids of deaf parents = born into deaf culture (start at stage 3) –> when get exposed to hearing we world they become bicultural
- When exposed to heraing world they might start as marginal
Adjustment of with vs. without implants
Kids with and without implants are equally well adjusted (whether they arehearing accularated or deaf)
Key for integrating into community
Key = ease of communivation
Accultration Model
Based on the IMmigrant exeprince - focuses on how immigrants relate to home culture while lezrning to deal with new culture
Need to adjustti new culture - process is called acculturation
Assimilation stradegy
Be like new culture as much as possible ; embarssed about home culture
Seperation stredegy
Don’t like new culture only want to stay as home culture (may live in area where home culture is strong)
Integration stradegy
Hold onto home culture and be part of new culture
Marginalization stradegy
Want neither home culture or new culture
What effects if person acculrates or not
Depends on whether the new culture is wlecoming to the immigarants + depends on the person’s personality
Macwell McCaw model
Same catagories as Glicksamns theory (cultualy hearing, marginl, culturally deaf, bicultural) BUT she asses behavior types that supporteach idetity (how well person knows and behaves in the culture)
- becoming culturally compenet is part of acculturation
Cultural/behavior types of acculutration
- Cultural identification - how well someone psyoclogically connects with culture
- Cultural involoved - how involoevd are you in cultural acitivityes
- Cultural preferances - who do you prefer to be with
- Lanagueg compemnetance - how well do u know the lanagueg
- Cultural knowldge - how well do u know behvaiors/beleifs in culture
ALL part of deaf acculturation scale
Deaf acculturation scale
Meausre that was developed to idetofy whether person is Hearing acculrated, Deaf accultrated, bicultral, or marginal
Narritive Appraoch
In this pparach peoelp tell stroies about experinces and feelings –> allows researxcgers to get rich information about idetoties
- Look atthemes in life stroies to desribe person and how interactions with others influence idetity
Ex. Theme of looking fir transition points or phases in process of deaf idetity
Difference in developmnet of deaf kids with deaf parents
Defa kids with deaf parenrs may start from difefrent place
Ex. stage 1 - in taken for granted stage may be due to feeling similar to hearing but may be because feel simialr with defa parents –> then we hard to communcate with hearing perosn might feel alineted from hearing and enter alientation phase –> then move to affilcation phase where feel connected to deaf peolpe –> then balancefeelings for deaf and heaing peolpe in the defa in my own waty phase
Overall shows aliantaion + affiliation + langauge + commnincation + envirnment intecat to help individual make idetity
intersectionality
How differnt aspects of the individula interact and result in different life experinces
Within race and deafness - have potential to create feelings of opression
Ethnicity/Race interacting with defaness
Deaf kids in hearing family - ethinicty/race might be core idetity not defaness –> when child realzies parents are hearing and they are not then they begin to understand they are deaf –> then internalize teh label being deaf as part of idetyty
- May beocme cilturally deaf if are around culturallly deaf children
Deaf kids of deaf parents who are a racial minorty – likley that ethnic/ratial idetoty will develop at the same time as deaf itity –> parents can explain whoe the chidld is to the child using ASL
- Over time kid learns they are minorty within a minory
Ethnic minority deaf culture is diffrent from white deaf culture
Being from multiple minorities
DIFFCULT - each gourp membership requires different norms, behaviors, and values
MIght also be more about country of origin rather than just ethnicty
Are ideties solid or fluid
Itityies can be solid but fluid at the same time
Fluid because have different ways of behavinh in different situations
How to combine ethnic and deaf idetity
Integrate the two idetitiues rather than keeping them seperate - can connect to hearing people of same ethinicity and defa people of the same or different ethnicities
- Diffreent idetities might be more important than the other at diferent times (depends on who you are with)
Sexual orientation and deafness
Depends on acceptance of family/freinds
- If in culture/family that is not accepcting and deaf = even harder to come out
easier in large cities - have groups of deaf LGBTQ people BUT harder if they are also ethnic minority
BUT because of close-knit deaf community = easier for LGBTQ people in deaf community to feel safe (less chnace to be rjeected)
being defa + LBGTQ _ ethnic minorty = lots of self accptanve issues related to minorty status
Ex. Rainbow alliance of the deaf
Disbaility and deafness
40% of deaf and HOH people have additoional disabilities
Disabilities = interact woth teh deaf part and other idtentities
People with other disabilitie smight not be fully accpeted in deaf community
Some cultures accpt disabilities but some hide them
Some may rely on crae takers - if caretakers do not accept them they may have developing trust in themsleves and hard to form idetoty that inculdes disabilities + deafness
They may never meet someone with the same defaness + ethnicnity + disability
Some will try and get rid of negative parts and some will live to the fullests with what they have
Important = for them to have self-determination and participation in activities + important to meet others like themsleves
Have you ever done something
Use experince -
Ex. Scubve you finish expeirnce? OR you expeince scuba?- have you done scuba
Answer: Yes me finish expeince Scuba OR no me not yet exoereince Scuba
I havnt gone camping since the summer - sign = expince camping since summe OT since summer me expince camping (while shaking head)
How to sign you can’t stand something
Sign for hate (thumb chin swipe side) OR not crazy for
Like it - Love it with kiss hand
Literature of ASL
Have Storytelling - big part of deaf community
Have ASL poetry - very vivid
Have classifer stories - one handshape - do story for hand shape
ABc and number stories - go in order of A-Z or 1-10
Time
Furture = foward
Presnt = down
Past - behind
Sign time first = then gives verbs tense
Today I go
yesterday I went (know went because signed yesterday first)
Recentley vs long time ago
Recent - Dom hand in X shape - palm face self - tap bent finger on Cheeck bone
Long time ago - dom hand in 5 shape twiddle fingers and move hand topwards back heind self (palm face left)
As soon as I can - dom hand in F shape - tap pointer and thmb on chin
Dummy boy
Major league Base ball boy (watch video in red book)
When to sign How many
End of sentance (WH questions at end of sentance)
Rule of 9
Incoprrate numbers 1-9 into signs
Ex. 2 weeks, 3 days etc.
