Test #1 - Technical + Culture Flashcards
Finger Spelling Guidelines
- HOLD HAND TO THE SIDE, RELAX ELBOW.
- DO NOT JERK, BOUNCE, OR MOVE YOUR HAND AROUND
- HOLD HAND TO THE SIDE OF YOUR CHEST, NOT IN FRONT OF YOUR FACE
- LOOK UP FOR A DRAWING OF FINGERSPELLING SPACE
- WHILE FINGERSPELLING, HAND MOVES AWAY FROM YOUR BODY NOT TOWARDS THE MIDDLE
- DOUBLE LETTERS:
- IN THE MIDDLE OF THE WORD: HOP OR SQUEEZE – do the sign X2 (bounce)
- AT THE END: SLIDE – when at the end of word you sign letter once and slide - MORE THAN ONE WORD, PAUSE BRIEFLY AND MOVE OVER A TAD
- CLARITY, NOT SPEED
Clarity is more important
Spelling Space vs. Sign Space
Spelling space vs. Sign space
Finger spelling space = smaller area
Sign Space = Bigger
Space between words in Finger Spelling
Between words = move over a little (move away from body)
Double Letters in Finger Spelling
IN THE MIDDLE OF THE WORD: HOP OR SQUEEZE – do the sign X2 (bounce)
AT THE END: SLIDE – when at the end of word you sign letter once and slide
***Exception - “ZZ”: JUST DOUBLE IT UP – use pointer and middle at the same time and do “Z” sign
What is more important in Fingerspelling - Clarity or Speed?
Clarity is more important
What needs to be Finger Spelled
BOOK TITLES, MOVIE TITLES, BRAND NAMES, SOME CITIES, WORDS WITHOUT SIGNS, NAMES, CERTAIN FOODS, TECHNICAL TERMS
- Titles even if you know the signs for the words in the title
- Brand names - very few have signs - most need to fingerspell
- Words without signs - some words are faster to
- Finger spell than to have sign (Example - Dog breeds are finger spelled)
What do you do if you don’t know a sign
If you don’t know the sign then Finger spell BUT gester what it means
What do you do if you make a mistake
IF YOU MAKE A MISTAKE – DO NOT PANIC!!!!
What is signing space
Signing space = right outside shoulders + right above head and right above belly button → because you can see all of the signs in that space and still maintain eye contact
***Have signing space because you need to look at person’s face
How do you get a sign name
Sign names are usually given by a deaf person
Signing specifics
- Signing space = right outside shoulders + right above head and right above belly button
- KEEP EYE CONTACT WHILE SIGNING
- DOMINANT HAND ALWAYS MOVES
- FACIAL EXPRESSIONS ARE VERY IMPORTANT!
PRECISION IS KEY! - MAKE SURE EVERY PART OF THE SIGN IS CORRECT
- ASL IS NOT ENGLISH –> The grammar is not english
- ASL is a highly developed language - ASL IS NOT UNIVERSAL… (STORY TIME!)
What hand moves in signs
Dominant hand always moves
Ex. Name
Why are facial expressions improtant
They give tone and grammar
History of Sign Language (Long)
1800s - US has just started – there was no deaf eduction → THEN Thomas Galidette comes along
Thomas’s hat fell into a road and a Girl names Alice Cogswall runs to pick up his hat
Thomas realized that Alice was deaf → He writes the word Hat in the dirt
- This was her first exposure to language
- Alice’s dad “Mason” is astonished
Evenetiually Alice and Galadette become friends → Mason asks Galladette if he would go to Europe to learn about deaf eduction and bring to the US
Galladette goes to Englad – meets the Braidwood family
- Braidwood family = developed educationn for deaf students in Englad
Braidwood askes for money but Galladette does not have → SO Galadette goes to France instead
Galladette goes to French school for the deaf
French School for deaf = using manual method of communication = Sign language (using French Sign Language)
In France - Gallaudet meets Laurent Clare → Gallaudet and Laurent become friends
Galadette asks Laurent to come back to US to help make a school for the deaf
Galadettte teaches Laurent english and Laurent teaches Galadette French Sign Language
Galadette and Laurent make a school for deaf in connecticut – make “American School for deaf”
Braidwood Family
Developed education for deaf students in England
Braidwood Family Method
Used the Oralist method of education
Oraloist Method
Speching and Lip reading
French School Method
Manual method of communication
Manual Method
Sign language
What happened when Galadette brought kids to School for Deaf
When they brought students into deaf school all of the kids were from different communities with no other deaf people in their community → they all used different languages (at the time there was no set language in the US)
- They were all home signing BUT they all came with different home signs
Home signning
Structured Gestring
What did Galadette and Laurent have and make
Had French Sign language + Home signs → Made ASL
FSL + Home signs = get ASL
What is ASL based on
ASL is based on French sign language
Five parameters of sign + Examples
- Handshape
Ex. Me vs. My - Palm Orientation
Ex. Table - Loaction
Ex. Summer, Dry, Ugly - Movement
Ex. Happy Vs. Enjoy - Non-manual signs/Facial Expressions
Ex. Naked vs. Depressed
Handshape in sign
Example - ME (point to self) Vs. MY (flat hand on chest)
Gender specific pronouns in ASL
No gender specific pronouns (hers, his, theirs - all flat hand palm away)
Talking about someone who is not there in ASL
Talking about someone not there - say who it is then point in a place and that becomes who you are talking about (my mom she - she is now always mom)
Palm orientation in ASL
Means if palms should be up or down; away or towards each other
- Need to face the right way
Ex. Table - palms down (one up has no meaning) + dominant hand on top
Movement in Sign
Very important
Example - Happy Vs. Enjoy –> Happy is bump BUT enjoy is circles
Non-manual Signals
Whatever you do during signing that isn’t a sign
- NOT only facial expressions
Examples - facial expression or question eyebrows or mouth movements or forcefulness or ease of signs
Non-manual Signals importance in ASL
Very important
Example - Naked Vs. Depressed
NAKED (open 8 slide down + happy face),
DEPRESSED (naked but with sad face) – face change meaning of sign
Eybrows in ASL
Very important
Example - WH QUESTIONS – EYEBROWS GO DOWN
EX. What is your name (You name what you - point name hands up and cupped go towards each other point)
Closing signal
Shows someone is done signing – ALLOWS SOMEONE ELSE TO BEGIN SIGNING
Ex. EX. What is your name (You name what you - point name hands up and cupped go towards each other point) – Here YOU at the end is the closing signal
Example 2 - Example – POINTING BACK TO YOURSELF OR ANOTHER PERSON TO SHOW A COMPLETION OF THOUGHT
Dexis
USING THE INDEX POINTER TO POINT
***need to point in ASL
What is pointing used for in ASL
ME, YOU, HE, SHE, IT, THEY, WE/US, YOU(PLURAL), THEY
Terms for level of hearing to use
Deaf or hearing or Hard of hearing
***Never use term hearing impaired
Why never use hearing impaired
Bad that it has impaired because it implied disabled that something is broken that needs to be fixed
deaf
Not part of deaf community - more in the hearing world –
- may sign but most they speak and lip read + might have cochlear implants;
- some may label self as hearing impaired (sad thing)
Deaf
In the deaf community + see themselves as culturally deaf
- don’t see self as having disability
d/Deaf
See in texts and articles when author is written deaf people in general
- not showing what identity they are
Medical perspective of Deafness
Think about deaf as a disability (needs to be fixed_ + typically want cochlear implants/hearing aids + mostly use oralis method
***People in it = some people + doctors + audiologist + spoke speech therapists
- People that hearing parents with deaf kids are exposed to first – exposed to medical perspective = more lilley to push deaf culture away because don’t know it is an option
Heredity of Deafness
90% if deaf children have hearing parents = not necessarily a hereditary trait
- It can be genetics but not always
- Many reasons why people go deaf
Oralist methid
Speech and lip reading – no ASL
Controversial topic with deaf people
Cochlear implants – don’t talk about it with deaf person
How do cochlear implants work
Bypass damage from outer and middle ear and go to inner ear
– Implant into cochlear
- Implant it and put magnet in head – at audiologist they put device to map or program it
***Concept = cure for deafness
Issue with cochlear implants
1 – 90% of deaf children have hearing parents – hearing parents have no exposure to deaf culture – is it fair to take away cultural part of deafness
2 – Implant doesn’t always work
- Way hearing people think implant should work is not the way it actually works – electrical sound not natural sound
- Very robotic sounds
3 – Not everyone can get one – cochlear can be damaged (Ex. meningitis)
4 - Older – might not be able to get the implant →
Why can’t older people get cochlear implants
Goal is speech and language if older then it might be too late to be able to learn
Christy (freind) + Cochlear implant story
Christy was deaf because of meningitis – she was in early stages of cochlear implantation → needed to have implant mapped (big ordeal) –> implant never worked
THEN Technology advanced a lot over time
THEN When she got married her husband wanted her to have a brain stem implant → ended their relationship because she wouldn’t have that done
THEN She got married again - her husband wanted her to have implant – idea was to replace original implant – when got there they gave her woozy medicine and by accident she said the wrong side
When they put on the other side = lost all residual hearing completely
New Implant didn’t work – she was older to begin with
