Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Test #5 (Semester 2) > Flashcards

Test #5 (Semester 2) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Calorie

A

amount of heat energy it takes to raise 1 gram of water by 1˚C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Kilocalories (KCAL)

A

Calorie (found on food packages
equals 1000 calories
3500 calories: 1 pound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

salivary glands

A

produces 1 liter of saliva a day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

saliva

A

chemical digestion
95% water
mucin (slimy and lubricates)
amylase (breaks down starch)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

mechanical digestion

A

chewing food in mouth, churning food in stomach

physical breaking of food into smaller pieces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

chemical digestion

A

using enzymes break food down (mouth, stomach, small intestine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

esophagus

A

muscular tube leading to stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

peristalsis

A

muscle contractions that move through the esophagus (moves food downwards)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

epiglottis

A

blocks trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

stomach

A

muscular sac
kicked at the end of the esophagus
churns and digests using pepsin and hydrochloric acid and pepsin
protective acid layer (mucus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

mouth/oral cavity

A

place of mechanical and chemical digestion

saliva and teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

cardiac sphincter

A

doorway that leads into stomach

leaky valve leads to heartburn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

pepsin

A

an enzyme that helps digest proteins

digests polypeptides/proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

hydrochloric acid (HCL)

A

kills bacteria, turns on enzyme, and dissolve intracellular glues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

small intestine

A

21 foot long tube: duodenum, jejunum, ileum
digestion follows the stomach, before large intestine (uses amylase, sucrase, lipase to digest)
absorbs with villi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

villi

A

inner foldings of intestine to increase surface area for absorption of food particles/monomers into blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

liver

A

organ that cleans blood and makes bile
emulsifies fats
stores glucose as glycogen
converts food waste into urea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

bile

A

made in the liver
stored in gallbladder
released to small intestine
breaks fat down into small particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

gallbladder

A

stores bile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

pancreas

A 
organ that helps digestion and makes hormones
sodium bicarbonate (base)
amylase
trypsin/chymotrypsin
insulin and glucagon (hormones)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

sodium bicarbonate

A

a base that neutralizes stomach acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

large intestine (colon)

A

a large tube that surrounds the small intestine
holds e. coli (symbiont: life living together) provides vitamin K
absorbs water and minerals and vitamins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

nervous system

A

quick cell to cell communication through body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

excretory system

A

cleans blood of nitrogen wastes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

endocrine system

A

set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

immune system

A

recognizes and destroys foreign invaders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

digestion system

A

breaks food down to be absorbed by blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

respiratory system

A

brings oxygen into body to be absorbed by blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

circulatory system

A

carries gases, nutrients and wastes through body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

absorption

A

pass of tiny pieces of food through the walls of the small intestine into the blood stream (uses diffusion, active transport and villi)

31
Q

rectum

A

a short tube at the end of the large intestine where waste material is compressed into a solid form

32
Q

excretion

A

cleans blood, removes waste

uses liver, kidney, and large intestine

33
Q

kidney

A

filters blood, makes urine

34
Q

filteration

A

removes urea, water, glucose, salts, and sugar

35
Q

urea

A

the major molecules of excretion in the kidney system; toxic waste containing nitrogen; made by liver

36
Q

nephron

A

long tubule in the kidney that filters urea, salts, and water from blood to make urinary excretion

37
Q

reabsorption

A

returns to the blood (water, sugars)

38
Q

secretion

A

adds toxins to urine (drugs. medicine)

39
Q

hypothalamus

A

alerts the pituitary to release hormones

40
Q

pituitary

A

releases FSH, LH, growth hormone, and ADH
gamete production
gonad hormone initiation
tells body to do mitosis
tells kidney to make concentrated urine/make less urine (caffein stops ADH so you pee more)

41
Q

thyroid

A

makes thyroxine: stimulates metabolism

42
Q

adrenal

A

makes adrenaline: increase “energy” by increasing blood sugar and heart rate

43
Q

insulin

A

decreases glucose in blood by opening doorways into cells/building glycogen in liver

44
Q

glucagon

A

increases glucose in blood by telling liver to break glycogen

45
Q

diabetes

A

normally a liver stores sugar as glycogen
insulin opens cells so they can take in glucose
Type 1: doesn’t make enough insulin
Type 2: insulin unlocks glucose transporters, pancreas makes insulin, body doesn’t respond (Insulin resistant)
excess glucose causes: nerve damage, nephron damage, eye damage

46
Q

fibrin

A

protein used for blood clotting (factor 8)

47
Q

bladder

A

stores urine until it leaves body

48
Q

urethra

A

urine leaves body through this tube

49
Q

ureter

A

tube carrying urine produced in the kidneys to the urinary bladder

50
Q

heart

A

muscular pump that moves blood

51
Q

pacemaker

A

set of nerves that trigger beating of heart

52
Q

heart beat

A

lup dup sound due to the closing of heart valves

leaky doorway: murmur: a valve that is not functioning properly

53
Q

right atrium

A

blood drains into this

the blood contains lots of CO2

54
Q

right ventricle

A

blood in right atrium flows here

55
Q

left atrium

A

pulmonary veins return blood to this side of the heart

56
Q

left ventricle

A

sends blood everywhere but lungs

57
Q

aorta

A

carries blood out of the heart to the body

58
Q

vein

A

carries blood towards heart

3 layers of tissue with 1 way valves

59
Q

artery

A

carries blood away from heart

3 layers of tissue (thicker) no valves

60
Q

capillary

A

exchanges food, waste, and gases with body cells

1 thin layer

61
Q

blood

A

consists of erythrocytes (RBCs), leukocytes (WBCs), and platelets
plasma is the liquid (mainly water): has antibodies and fibrin

62
Q

erythrocytes

A

red blood cells
carries hemoglobin which binds to O2
carries gases

63
Q

leukocytes

A

white blood cells (immune cells)

64
Q

platelets

A

dead cells used in clotting

65
Q

plasma

A

mainly water
contains antibodies and fibrin
cell food (glucose, amino acids)
has hormones

66
Q

lymphatic system

A

gets rid of excess blood from bruises

67
Q

alveoli

A

sacs where oxygen diffuses into blood (in lungs)

68
Q

trachea

A

tube to lungs

69
Q

larynx

A

holds vocal chords

70
Q

bronchi

A

branches into lungs

71
Q

Why Breathe?

A

mitochondria will do cell respiration

O2=sugar to make energy/ATP and gas is created and needs to go out (breathing out CO2 and H20)

72
Q

inhalation

A

air enters
rib cage expands as rib muscles contract
lung volume gets greater
diaphragm pulls down (contracts)

73
Q

exhalation

A

air leaves
ribcage moves down and in
lungs get smaller
diaphragm moves up (relaxes)

Biology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions