Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Test 3 (semester 2) > Flashcards

Test 3 (semester 2) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Bipedal

A

walks on two feet only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

cladogram

A

a phylogenetic diagram that specifies unique features.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

primates

A
  • common ancestor
  • brain approx. 370 cc (chimps) vs. 1300 cc (human)
  • opposable thumb
  • binocular vision
  • rotating shoulders
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

binocular vision

A

allows you to see depth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Homo Habilis

A

Time: 2.2-1.5 mya
Habitat: Tanzania
Physical Feature: brain is 550 cc or more
Richard Leakey discovered: they use tools (stone), ate meat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Homo Erectus

A

Time: 1.6-700,000
Habitat: Africa to Asia
Physical feature: 800 cc brain (75%)
Used Flake axe and fire pits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Homo Neanderthalensis

A

Time: 130,000-30,000
Habitat: Europe to Asia
Physical feature: 1400 cc brain (bigger than ours), taller (5ft)
-cavemen (barried their dead), used spears/flake tool, furs, war??

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Australopithecus

A
  • afarensis: 4.1 mya, lesser snout, 3 ft tall, 450 cc brain, Johansen’s LUCY, Mary Leakey found footprints
  • africanus 3-2.5 mya, South Africa?, 515 cc brain, more ape like limbs, R. Dart (1925)/ Taug dead side branch
  • robustus: 2.2-1.4 mya, South Africa?, 530 cc brain, dead side branch
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

bacterial conjugation

A

pass plasmids through conjugation bridge/mating bridge/PILI (grow the bridge and pass DNA and could pass resistant genes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Obligate anaerobe

A

dies when exposed to O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Obligate aerobe

A

dies without O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

photoautotroph

A

use light like plants (for energy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

chemoautotroph

A

use chemical like nitrites and H2S for energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

chemoheterotroph

A

get energy by eating organic food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

extremophile

A

love living in extreme environments

thermophiles: like hot places, cold places
(halophiles. ..)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

protozoa

A

animal like protista

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

protista

A

cell type: eukaryote
size: most unicellular
reproduction: most asexual
energy source: half engulf; half photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

archea

A

ancient extremophiles with different cell wall and histones like eukaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

slime molds

A

example of a fungi like protist

-similar to mushrooms but lack characteristics of being a mushroom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

mycellium

A

long continuous thread of fungus cells (underground)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

cocci

A

round shaped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

bacillus

A

long shaped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

spirilla

A

spiral shaped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Protista

A
  • cell type: eukaryote
  • size: most unicellular
  • reproduction: most asexual
  • energy souce: half engulf, half photosynthesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Fungus

A
  • food: heterotrophic decomposers
  • structure: made from bundles of hyphae (underground chain)
  • mycelium: long continuous thread of fungus cells
  • reproduces asexually: spores
  • cell wall of: chitin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Uses of Fungi

A

food, alcohol, antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Fungus problems

A

ergot: hullucigen
destroy our crops
yeast infection
nail infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

hyphae

A

underground chain that makes fungus (mushrooms)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

phloem

A

(to the lowum)

carries nutrients from leaves to roots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

xylem

A

(to the skylum)

carries nutrients from roots to leaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

leaves

A

photosynthesis

6O2+6H2O=glucose+6O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

stomata

A

gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

flowers

A

attract pollinators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

seed bearing structures

A
  • dry fruit (beans and almonds)
  • wet fruit (grapes and watermelon)

(vegetables are actually fruit)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

binary fission

A

asexual bacterial reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

ecology

A

the study between life forms and their environments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

biosphere

A

is the region of earth where life exists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

biomes

A

specific regions of earth identified by their climate and life forms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

tropical rainforest

A
  • high temperature, heavy rainfall
  • tall trees
  • cats, tucans, frogs, monkeys, crocodiles, bugs, sloths
39
Q

savannah

A
  • tropical, high temperature, less rainfall than tropical rainforest
  • grasslands, scattered trees
  • zebras, lions, rhinos, giraffes, elephants, leopard, hyenna, hornbird
40
Q

desert

A
  • hot, dry
  • cacti, succulents
  • rats, snakes, scorpions, foxes, owls
41
Q

grassland (prairie)

A

-season droughts, occasional fires, less water and lower temperatures than savannas

42
Q

deciduous forest

A
  • warm summers, cold winters, moderate precipitation
  • deciduous trees
  • bears, deers, squirrels, hedgehogs, badger
43
Q

coniferous forest (taiga)

A
  • cold winters, heavy snowfall
  • cone-bearing trees
  • moose, eagle, gray wolf, bears
44
Q

tundra

A
  • very cold winters, permafrost (permanently frozen soil), high winds, little rainfall
  • grasses, sedges
  • reindeers, mammoth, snowy owl, polar bear, arctic fox
45
Q

chaparral

A
  • temperate, fires
  • scrub forest
  • squirrels, opossums, mountain lions, skunks, snakes, rabbits
46
Q

ecosystem

A

a given area’s abiotic and biotic features

47
Q

abiotic

A

nonliving, pH of soil, soil type, mineral supply, temperature range

48
Q

biotic

A

light intensity, amount of rainfall, supply of gas, saprophytes, carnivores, herbivores, omnivores, living factors, predators, parasites

49
Q

community

A

different populations of species living in the same area

50
Q

ecological succession

A

the changes in an environments following a disturbance

51
Q

pioneer species

A

the first species that moves into a damaged or new area (lichen, grass) (fire, volcano)

52
Q

niche

A

an organisms habitat and role in that habitat

53
Q

carnivore

A

only eats meat

54
Q

herbivore

A

only eats fruits and vegetables

55
Q

omnivore

A

eats both

56
Q

range

A

geographical area where an organism is found

57
Q

habitat

A

region in an ecosystem where a population exists

58
Q

producer

A

a life form that does photosynthesis

59
Q

consumer (primary and secondary)

A

if a life form gains energy by feeding on others

60
Q

decomposer

A

a life form that breaks down waste

61
Q

food chain

A

the pathway of food transferred from one trophic level to another

62
Q

food web

A

a pattern of feeding an ecosystem’s interconnected food chains

63
Q

trophic level

A

a feed level in the chains or web

64
Q

10% rule

A

only about 10% of the energy in one trophic level is passed to the next

  • energy is lost through waste, cellular respiration and growth
  • only 10% is turned into biomass while the rest is lost as heat
65
Q

why are most food chains 3-4 levels?

A

Most food chains are limited to 3-4 levels because there is simply not enough energy at the top of an energy pyramid to support another trophic level.

66
Q

energy pyramid

A

emphasizes energy loss from each trophic level

67
Q

numbers pyramid

A

depicts the number of organisms in each trophic level of an ecosystem

68
Q

condensation

A

process of water vapor cooling to form clouds

69
Q

evaporation

A

process of liquid water becoming a gas

70
Q

precipitation

A

process of water vapor condensing and falling to earth

71
Q

transpiration

A

process when water vapor exits plant leaves

72
Q

greenhouse effect

A

sunlight brings in heat and the greenhouse gases trap in some heat. Some heat then escapes int space. However, since the greenhouse gases are growing, we are trapping in more heat and destroying the ozone layer.

73
Q

Climate Change

A

Climate Change is due to the increasing greenhouse gases and the destruction of the earth’s ozone layer. Glaciers are melting, polar bears are drowning, sea levels are getting higher, tsunamis and hurricanes are getting bigger, melting glaciers, floods and warming tundra permafrost, increased fires, coral reef bleach, disease spread

74
Q

deforestation

A
  • causes: oil drilling, cattle ranching, mining, road construction, creating jobs
  • results: loss of biodiversity, climate change
75
Q

biological magnification

A
  • process when the concentration of toxins accumulate through the levels of a food chain (pesticides)
  • burning coal releases mercury into the environment (gets washed into the ocean and big fish have most mercury but if you eat a lot, you are harming your baby if you are pregnant
  • result: eggs are weak, effects everyone that is part of the food chain, mercury destroys brain cells, causes brain problems in babies
76
Q

ozone depletion

A

accumulation of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and freon
-result: more skin cancer in Australia, eye damage in Southern Hemisphere, human immune system effected, crops are being effected

77
Q

acid rain

A

-excessive sulfer dioxide and nitric oxide from exhausts

78
Q

domain (3)

A

archea, bacteria, eukaryote

79
Q

hominid

A

the genus for Homo sapiens etc.

80
Q

bacteria

A

prokaryote, domain, used to make antibiotics, and is a decomposer

81
Q

antibiotic

A

kills off the ribosomes of the cell wall of bacteria

82
Q

algae

A

protista, makes up 70% of oxygen that we breath

83
Q

paramecium

A

protista, unicellular, protozoa,

84
Q

ameoba

A

protozoa

85
Q

chitin

A

makes up the cell wall of plants

86
Q

cuticle

A

waxy coating on the leaves

87
Q

pollen

A

the male gamete of the flower

88
Q

roots

A

suck up nutrients, water, minerals in soil
store energy and sugars
keep plant in the ground

89
Q

carpel

A

female reproductive organs

90
Q

stamen

A

the male reproductive organ

91
Q

anther

A

is the tip of the stamen and produces to pollen

92
Q

Plantae

A

plant.

93
Q

pollinator

A

spreads pollen and fertilizes other plants

94
Q

water cycle

A

evaporation, condensation, (transpiration), precipitation

-transpiration is kind of like precipitation

95
Q

CO2 Cycle

A

pg. 176 notes

Biology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions