Biochem Exam Vocab

Question 0

Solution

Answer 0

Uniform mixture of two or more substances

Question 1

Mixture

Answer 1

Something combined and can be separated

Question 2

Saturated

Answer 2

Filled with

Question 3

Covalent bond

Answer 3

Chemical bond that forms when two atoms share electrons

Question 4

Ionic bond

Answer 4

Chemical bond that occurs when an atom transfers an electron to another atom

Question 5

Solvent

Answer 5

Substance in a solution that dissolves the other substance and is present in the greater amount

Question 6

Dilute

Answer 6

To make thinner or weaker by the addition of water

Question 7

Solute

Answer 7

Substance in a solution that is dissolved and is present in a lesser amount

Question 8

Concentration

Answer 8

A large amount of

Question 9

Polar molecule

Answer 9

Molecule in which opposite ends have opposite electric charges

Question 10

Acid

Answer 10

Compound that donates H+ ions to an aqueous solution and measures less than 7 on the pH scale

Question 11

Base

Answer 11

Compound that removes H+ ions from an aqueous solution and that measures more than 7 on the pH scale

Question 12

Hydroxide ion

Answer 12

OH-

Question 13

pH scale

Answer 13

Measures the amount of H+ in a solution

Question 14

Neutralization

Answer 14

Process when an aid and a base are mixed resulting in water

Question 15

Buffer

Answer 15

substances that cause a solution to resist changes in pH

Question 16

Organic

Answer 16

Substances that contain carbon

Question 17

Inorganic

Answer 17

Non carbon based molecule

Question 18

Molecular structure

Answer 18

Structure of a molecule

Question 19

Macromolecule

Answer 19

Large organic biological polymers

Question 20

Functional groups

Answer 20

Groups of specific molecules that when attached to a organic compound provide a new properties

Question 21

Carboxyl(ic Acid)

Answer 21

• Looks like C-COOH
• acidic
• words end in -ic acid

Question 22

Amino Group

Answer 22

• looks like C–NH2
• a base
• ends in -ine

Question 23

Monomer

Answer 23

a small compound that can be joined with other small compounds

Question 24

HONC

Answer 24

amount of bonds

Question 25

Polymer

Answer 25

a long chain of repeating smaller units

Question 26

Valance

Answer 26

an atom's bonding ability (how many bonds it will form)

Question 27

Dehydration reaction

Answer 27

process where monomers bond to form a polymer and release water

Question 28

Hydrolysis

Answer 28

a process of breaking a polymer into monomers that requires the input of water

Question 29

Isomer

Answer 29

compounds with the same formula but different structures

Question 30

Carbohydrate

Answer 30

- organic compound mad of sugar molecules | - ends in -ose

Question 31

Monosaccharide

Answer 31

- simple sugars - sugar monomers - sugar containing one sugar unit

Question 32

Disaccharide

Answer 32

When two sugar molecules are tied together

Question 33

Polysaccharide

Answer 33

long polymer chain made up of simple sugar monomers

Question 34

Glucose

Answer 34

Exists in both straight chains and ring shaped forms

Question 35

Fructose

Answer 35

fruit sugar

Question 36

Lactose

Answer 36

milk, sugar

Question 37

Sucrose

Answer 37

table sugar

Question 38

Cellulose

Answer 38

an example of a building polymer

Question 39

Glycogen

Answer 39

branched chains of glucose | stores glucose

Question 40

Chitin

Answer 40

a tiny polysaccharide long chain of glucose and nitrogen parts function: used to build bug exoskeleton and structural

Question 41

Lipid

Answer 41

fat

Question 42

Saturated fatty acid

Answer 42

saturated fat

Question 43

Unsaturated fatty acid

Answer 43

unsaturated fat

Question 44

Triglyceride

Answer 44

stores lipids in your body

Question 45

Sterol

Answer 45

- steroid - not the bad kinds - ex: cholesterol

Question 46

Glycerol

Answer 46

type of carbohydrate | before it becomes a triglyceride

Question 47

Cholesterol

Answer 47

Steroid molecule present in the plasma membranes of animal cells

Question 48

Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic

Answer 48

hydrophilic-attracts to water | hydrophobic-avoids water molecule

Question 49

Protein

Answer 49

polymer constructed from a set of 20 amino acid monomers

Question 50

Peptide bond

Answer 50

holds amino acids together

Question 51

amino acid

Answer 51

monomer that makes up proteins; contains carboxyl and amino functional groups

Question 52

Globular/fiberous shapes

Answer 52

Globular- glob shape protein | fiberous- straight shaped protein

Question 53

Polypeptide

Answer 53

protein polymers | formed when amino acids are chained together

Question 54

R region

Answer 54

Side group | important because it is responsible for the particular chemical properties of each amino acid

Question 55

Catalyst

Answer 55

makes a reaction happen faster

Question 56

Enzyme

Answer 56

organic catalyst

Question 57

Active Site

Answer 57

the pocket in an enzyme where the substrate fits

Question 58

Substrate

Answer 58

the reactants the enzyme works on