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Biology > Biochem Exam Vocab > Flashcards

Biochem Exam Vocab Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Solution

A

Uniform mixture of two or more substances

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1
Q

Mixture

A

Something combined and can be separated

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2
Q

Saturated

A

Filled with

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3
Q

Covalent bond

A

Chemical bond that forms when two atoms share electrons

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4
Q

Ionic bond

A

Chemical bond that occurs when an atom transfers an electron to another atom

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5
Q

Solvent

A

Substance in a solution that dissolves the other substance and is present in the greater amount

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6
Q

Dilute

A

To make thinner or weaker by the addition of water

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7
Q

Solute

A

Substance in a solution that is dissolved and is present in a lesser amount

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8
Q

Concentration

A

A large amount of

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9
Q

Polar molecule

A

Molecule in which opposite ends have opposite electric charges

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10
Q

Acid

A

Compound that donates H+ ions to an aqueous solution and measures less than 7 on the pH scale

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11
Q

Base

A

Compound that removes H+ ions from an aqueous solution and that measures more than 7 on the pH scale

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12
Q

Hydroxide ion

A

OH-

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13
Q

pH scale

A

Measures the amount of H+ in a solution

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14
Q

Neutralization

A

Process when an aid and a base are mixed resulting in water

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15
Q

Buffer

A

substances that cause a solution to resist changes in pH

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16
Q

Organic

A

Substances that contain carbon

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17
Q

Inorganic

A

Non carbon based molecule

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18
Q

Molecular structure

A

Structure of a molecule

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19
Q

Macromolecule

A

Large organic biological polymers

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20
Q

Functional groups

A

Groups of specific molecules that when attached to a organic compound provide a new properties

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21
Q

Carboxyl(ic Acid)

A
  • Looks like C-COOH
  • acidic
  • words end in -ic acid
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22
Q

Amino Group

A
  • looks like C–NH2
  • a base
  • ends in -ine
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23
Q

Monomer

A

a small compound that can be joined with other small compounds

24
Q

HONC

A

amount of bonds

25
Q

Polymer

A

a long chain of repeating smaller units

26
Q

Valance

A

an atom’s bonding ability (how many bonds it will form)

27
Q

Dehydration reaction

A

process where monomers bond to form a polymer and release water

28
Q

Hydrolysis

A

a process of breaking a polymer into monomers that requires the input of water

29
Q

Isomer

A

compounds with the same formula but different structures

30
Q

Carbohydrate

A
  • organic compound mad of sugar molecules

- ends in -ose

31
Q

Monosaccharide

A
  • simple sugars
  • sugar monomers
  • sugar containing one sugar unit
32
Q

Disaccharide

A

When two sugar molecules are tied together

33
Q

Polysaccharide

A

long polymer chain made up of simple sugar monomers

34
Q

Glucose

A

Exists in both straight chains and ring shaped forms

35
Q

Fructose

A

fruit sugar

36
Q

Lactose

A

milk, sugar

37
Q

Sucrose

A

table sugar

38
Q

Cellulose

A

an example of a building polymer

39
Q

Glycogen

A

branched chains of glucose

stores glucose

40
Q

Chitin

A

a tiny polysaccharide
long chain of glucose and nitrogen parts
function: used to build bug exoskeleton and structural

41
Q

Lipid

A

fat

42
Q

Saturated fatty acid

A

saturated fat

43
Q

Unsaturated fatty acid

A

unsaturated fat

44
Q

Triglyceride

A

stores lipids in your body

45
Q

Sterol

A
  • steroid
  • not the bad kinds
  • ex: cholesterol
46
Q

Glycerol

A

type of carbohydrate

before it becomes a triglyceride

47
Q

Cholesterol

A

Steroid molecule present in the plasma membranes of animal cells

48
Q

Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic

A

hydrophilic-attracts to water

hydrophobic-avoids water molecule

49
Q

Protein

A

polymer constructed from a set of 20 amino acid monomers

50
Q

Peptide bond

A

holds amino acids together

51
Q

amino acid

A

monomer that makes up proteins; contains carboxyl and amino functional groups

52
Q

Globular/fiberous shapes

A

Globular- glob shape protein

fiberous- straight shaped protein

53
Q

Polypeptide

A

protein polymers

formed when amino acids are chained together

54
Q

R region

A

Side group

important because it is responsible for the particular chemical properties of each amino acid

55
Q

Catalyst

A

makes a reaction happen faster

56
Q

Enzyme

A

organic catalyst

57
Q

Active Site

A

the pocket in an enzyme where the substrate fits

58
Q

Substrate

A

the reactants the enzyme works on

Biology (13 decks)

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