Test 3

Question 1

cell cycle

Answer 1

series of events that takes place in a cell from one division to the next

Question 2

Mitosis

Answer 2

the process in which the nucleus divides and forms 2 identical nuclei

Question 3

prophase

Answer 3

what phase of mitosis are the chromosomes visible, nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear, centrioles move toward poles of the cell, spindles stretch across the cell from centriole to centriole

Question 4

Metaphase

Answer 4

what phase of mitosis do double stranded cromosomes line up across the midline, the centromeres attach to a spindle fiber

Question 5

anaphase

Answer 5

centromeres divide, 2 strands of each chromosome separate and head toward opposite ends of the cell

Question 6

telophase

Answer 6

the centrioles and spindles start to disappear, a new nuclear membrane appear aound each mass of chromosomes and a new nucleolus appear in the nucleus

Question 7

asexual reproduction

Answer 7

a new organsim produces from only one parent

Question 8

meiosis

Answer 8

process of reduction division by which the chromosome number is reduced by half

Question 9

haploid

Answer 9

cell with single set of chromosomes (human egg or sperm)

Question 10

gametes

Answer 10

term for sex cells (egg or sperm)

Question 11

karyotype

Answer 11

visual display of 23 homologous pairs of chromosomes

Question 12

zygote

Answer 12

fertilized egg after union of gametes

Question 13

homologous chromosomes

Answer 13

matching pair of chromosomes; one from each parent

Question 14

crossing over

Answer 14

exchange of genes between two non-sister chromatids during prophase 1

Question 15

prophase 1

Answer 15

homologous chromosomes synapse; from tetrads; crossing over occurs

Question 16

sex chromosomes

Answer 16

23rd pair of chromosomes; determine sex: XX; XY

Question 17

metaphase 1

Answer 17

homologous chromosomes alight opposite; spindles attach to only one side

Question 18

anaphase 1

Answer 18

homologous chromosomes separate; called reduction division

Question 19

metaphase 2

Answer 19

sister chromatids align in middle; spindle fibers to both sides of the centromere

Question 20

anaphase 2

Answer 20

sister chromatids separate to opposite poles

Question 21

independent assortment

Answer 21

shuffling of homologous chromosomes at metaphase 1

Question 22

diploid

Answer 22

contains full chromosome complement

Question 23

polar body

Answer 23

produced during oogenesis

Question 24

tetrad

Answer 24

pairs of homologous chromosomes joined together

Question 25

telophase 1

Answer 25

end of meiosis 1, 2 diploid cells are formed

Question 26

telophase 2

Answer 26

formation of 4 haploid cells

Question 27

prophase 2

Answer 27

basically like mitosis but with 2 cells

Question 28

meiosis 1

Answer 28

formation of 2 diploid cells with the sister chromatids are still attached

Question 29

meiosis 2

Answer 29

no replication occurs during this part and at the end 4 haploid cells are formed when the sister chromatids are split apart

Question 30

somatic cells

Answer 30

body cells

Question 31

G1, S, and G2

Answer 31

the 3 parts of interphase

Question 32

interphase

Answer 32

in what part of the cell cycle does the cell spend the majority of its time

Question 33

cytokinesis

Answer 33

cytoplasm divides in 2 daughter cells

Question 34

autosome

Answer 34

a chromosome that is not a sex chromosome

Question 35

chromatin

Answer 35

thin twisted thread of DNA; it appears in non-dividing cells; uncoiled DNA that is tightly wound around proteins

Question 36

chromosomes

Answer 36

consist of DNA and protein; rod like structure and is seen when the chromatin shortens and thickens

Question 37

chromatid

Answer 37

strand of doubled chromosomes that contains identical parts; attached at the centromere

Question 38

centromere

Answer 38

chromatids are attached at the point

Question 39

cell plate

Answer 39

how plant cells divide; the thing that splits them in half

Question 40

tumor

Answer 40

an abnormally growing mass of body cells

Question 41

benign tumor

Answer 41

an abnormally growing mass of body cells that remain at their original site

Question 42

malignant tumor

Answer 42

an abnormally growing mass of body cell that spread into neighboring tissues and other parts of the body

Question 43

metastasis

Answer 43

the spread of abnormally growing mass of body cells that has spread via circulatory system beyond their original site

Question 44

cancer

Answer 44

cells that dont respond to the signal that regulate their group

Question 45

centrioles

Answer 45

cell organelle that aids in division only in animal cells. replicate, move to poles, emit spindle and later are located by nucleus

Question 46

histone

Answer 46

the proteins that the chromatins wrap around to form the chromosomes

Question 47

cell equator

Answer 47

the center of the cell

Question 48

aster

Answer 48

connected to centrioles; act as a substitute cytoskeleton

Question 49

carcinogen

Answer 49

agents that cause cancer

Question 50

oncogenes

Answer 50

genes that cause cancer

Question 51

chemotherapy

Answer 51

inject you with chemicals lose your hair, nausea, tired

Question 52

radiation therapy

Answer 52

they use high radiation to disrupt the cell division