Test 5

Question 1

genetics

Answer 1

the branch of science which studies the passing of traits from parents to offspring (heredity)

Question 2

Heredity

Answer 2

The passing of traits from parents to offspring.

Question 3

traits

Answer 3

unique characteristicsthat are passed down from parents through genes

Question 4

dominant trait

Answer 4

the more powerful, stronger characteristic; the one that is seen

Question 5

recessive trait

Answer 5

the less powerful, weaher characteristic; the one that is not seen

Question 6

Gregor Mendel

Answer 6

Father of genetics. Austrian monk who experimented with pea plants and discovered Law of Dominance, Principle of Independent Assortment, and the Principle of Segregation.

Question 7

Principle of Segregation

Answer 7

MENDEL’S 1ST LAW- states that when egg and sperm cells join, the paired genes segregate so that a sperm or an egg has 1 variation of the characteristic, not both.

Question 8

Principle of Independent Assortment

Answer 8

MENDEL’S 2ND LAW- states that characteristics are inherited separately of one another.

Question 9

Law of Dominance

Answer 9

MENDEL’S 3RD LAW- states that each inherited trait is determined by 2 genes, one from each parent.

Question 10

Axial

Answer 10

Along the stem

Question 11

Terminal

Answer 11

At the end of the stem

Question 12

7 traits of pea plants

Answer 12

Flower Color (D-purple & r-white)
Flower Position (D- axial & r- terminal)
Plant Height (D- tall & r- short/dwarf)
Pod Shape/Texture (D- full & r- constricted)
Pod Color (D- green & r- yellow)
Seed Shape (D- smooth & r- wrinkled)
Seed Color (D- yellow & r- green)

Question 13

parental generation

Answer 13

The generation that begins a cross between organisms.

Question 14

Filial

Answer 14

Offspring of the parental generation

F1: 1st generation

Question 15

Punnett Square

Answer 15

a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross

Question 16

phenotype

Answer 16

an organism’s physical appearance - visible traits

Question 17

genotype

Answer 17

an organism’s genetic makeup; the allele combination - not seen
e.g. Tt, ww, RR

Question 18

heterozygous

Answer 18

a trait in which one allelle is dominant and the other is recessive (hybrid)

Question 19

homozygous

Answer 19

a trait in which both alleles are either dominant or recessive (purebred)

Question 20

allelle

Answer 20

one variation of the gene for a particular trait- half of a genotype

Question 21

Codominance

Answer 21

When both dominant traits are evident

e.g. chickens with black and white feathers

Question 22

Independent assortment

Answer 22

When dominant traits are blended

Question 23

What did Gregor Mendel study?

Answer 23

He studied seven different characteristics in pea plants. (1856)

Question 24

What does P Generation stand for?

Answer 24

The Parental Generation

Question 25

What did Mendel observe?

Answer 25

Crossed different traits in the Parental (P) generation. All offspring in the First Fillial (F1) generation were alike and resembled only one parent.

Question 26

What does F1 Generation stand for?

Answer 26

The First Fillial Generation

Question 27

Inherited Characteristics

Answer 27

Inherited CharacteristicsCharacteristics are controlled by "factors", which come in pairs: one from mom, and one from dad.

Question 28

Law of Dominance

Answer 28

One factor in a pair may dominate the other so that it has no effect.

Question 29

Dominant

Answer 29

Controlling factor (capital).

Question 30

Recessive

Answer 30

Hidden factor (lowercase).

Question 31

Law of Independent Assortment

Answer 31

Factors (genes) for different traits are separated and distributed to gametes independently of other genes.

Question 32

Law of SegregationDuring gamete formation, a pair of factors is segregated, or separated.

Answer 32

During gamete formation, a pair of factors is segregated, or separated.

Question 33

Law of Independent Assortment

Answer 33

Factors (genes) for different traits are separated and distributed to gametes independently of other genes.

Question 34

Law of SegregationDuring gamete formation, a pair of factors is segregated, or separated.

Answer 34

During gamete formation, a pair of factors is segregated, or separated.

Question 35

Incomplete Dominance

Answer 35

Niether factor dominates for a gene expression.

Question 36

Gene

Answer 36

The location on a chromosome for a specific trait.

Question 37

Homozygous Dominant

Answer 37

Both alleles for a trait are the same and dominant.

Question 38

Homozygous Recessive

Answer 38

Both alleles for a trait are the same and recessive.

Question 39

Monohybrid Crosses

Answer 39

Determining the genetic outcome based on a single gene. Each gene has more than one allele (expression).