TEST 5 Flashcards
Which of the following gives rise to female reproductive structures?
Mullerian duct
During which phase of meiosis do the chromosomes disappear for the first time?
Telophase I
One which chromosome is the sex-determining region of Y (SRY) gene?
Y Chromosome
Which cells possess the enzyme aromatase?
Granulosa cells
A term which indicates a cell containing half the normal number of chromosomes as seen in the gametes?
Haploid
When conducting a PAPS smear, samples should be taken from the squamo-columnar junction which is also known as?
Transformation zone
The enzyme responsible for converting testosterone into estrogen?
Aromatase
Another name for the mullerian duct is?
Paramesonephric duct
What is the major effect or result from a functioning Y chromosome?
Maleness
What enzyme is responsible for the synthesis of estradiol?
Aromatase
Another name for a fibroid is?
Ieiomyoma
During which stage of meiosis do the spindles shrink thereby pulling the chromatids apart (CENTROMERES DIVIDE) allowing the two chromatids to migrate to their respective poles?
Anaphase II
Meiosis in the female is known as?
Oogenesis
During which phase of meiosis do the nuclear membranes dissociates for the first time?
Prophase I
The production of egg and sperm is known as?
Gametogensis
What is the major function of the granulosa cells?
Produce estradiol
Which sex chromosomes can a mother contribute to the embryo?
X
Which of the early embryonic structures give rise to female reproductive structures?
Paramesonephric duct or (Mullerian duct)
What is the source of the X chromosome for a male embryo “maternal” or “paternal”?
Maternal
Which of the following is responsible for producing the hormone responsible for maintaining the uterus for pregnancy?
Corpus Luteum
During which phase of meiosis do the chromosomes disappear for the second time?
Telophase II
A stage of cervical carcinoma in which the adjacent tissues are involved with concomitant vaginal bleeding and discharge?
Invasive carcinoma
Which product of the testes regulates the development of primary and secondary characteristics of the male?
Testosterone
Cervical carcinoma may be considered a sexually transmitted disease by some epidemiologists because an overwhelming majority is caused by?
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
Which sex chromosomes can a mother contribute to the embryo?
X or Y
How many haploid spermatozoa are produced by meiosis of a single diploid cell?
4
What glands make semen?
Accessory gland
Which segment of the sperm contains mitochondria?
Midpiece
During which phase of meiosis do the nuclear membrane reform for the second time?
Telophase II
Which product of the testes is the typical “male hormone”?
Testosterone
Which of the following genes regulates the development of the testes?
Sex-Determining Region Y (SRY)
Which of the following are typical (30-50% of the cases) symptoms of uterine fibroids?
Abnormal menstrual bleeding
Which hormone causes the production of testosterone?
Luteinizing Hormone
During which phase of meiosis do the aster fibers disappear for the first time?
Telophase I
During which phase of meiosis do the aster fibers appear for the first time?
Prophase I
The process in which the #1 chromosome from dad finds and pairs up with the #1 chromosome from Mom and the same happens for chromosomes 2-23?
Synapsis
During which division of meiosis is the number of chromosomes cut in half?
First Division
Generally, enlargement of the prostate that occurs in most men with increased age is?
benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPG)
What is the sex chromosomal composition for a normal human female?
XX
Another name for the Wolffian duct is?
Mesonephric duct
During which stage of syphilis is permanent damage caused to the heart, kidneys, and brain?
Tertiary stage
During which phase of meiosis do the chromosomes become visible for the second time?
Prophase II
Nuclear (cell) division that results in diploid daughter cells?
Mitosis
Name the organism that causes an STD which results in urethral inflammation, infertility in women, and 30% of all pediatric pneumonia cases?
Chlamydia trachomatis
What is the sex chromosomal composition for a normal human male?
XY
The fluid filled space in the follicle is called?
Antrum
During which phase of meiosis do the spindle fibers disappear for the second time?
Telophase II
What is a direct function of human chorionic gonadotropin?
Keeps the corpus luteum functioning
The production of sperm is known as?
Spermatogensis
Which hormone causes the sperm cells to become sensitive to testosterone?
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
“XX” is the normal sex chromosomal composition for?
Female
The production of oocytes is known as?
Oogenesis
These cells originate outside of the embryo “proper” and will eventually give rise to the gonads?
Primordial Germ Cells
During which phase of meiosis do the nuclear membrane dissociates for the second time?
Prophase II
What is the mechanism of action RU486?
Blocks progesterone receptors
During which phase of meiosis do the homologous pairs line up on metaphase plate so that one member of each pair is on each side of plate?
Metaphase I
During which phase of meiosis does the nucleolus dissociates for the second time?
Prophase II
Which glands produce most of the semen?
Seminal vesicles
How does the abortion pill (RU 486) function?
Blocks progesterone receptors
Which drug prevents the sperm from reaching the egg?
Morning after pill
From what structure do the primordial germ cells originate?
Yolk sac
How many developing oocytes does a female have during the 7th month of fetal development?
6-7 million
A condition by which oocytes continually degenerate and die?
Atresia
A structure that allows the testes to remain cooler than body temperature by positioning them outside of the abdopelvic cavity?
Scrotum
During which phase of meiosis does the nucleolus reform the second time?
Telophase II
The second most prevalent cancer cause of death in men is?
Prostate cancer
What is the source of the Y chromosome for a male embryo “maternal” or “paternal”?
Paternal
The name for the human egg is?
oocyte
During which days of a woman’s reproductive cycle (assuming its a 28 day cycle) does menstrual bleeding occur?
Days 1-5
When does ovulation occur?
Day 14
During which phase of meiosis do the spindle fibers appear for the second time?
Prophase II
Which hormone causes a higher muscle to fat ratio?
Testosterone
Which hormone causes body hair to become course?
Testosterone
During which phase of meiosis do the spindle fibers appear for the first time?
Prophase I
Which compounds are produced by the Leydig cells?
Testosterone and other androgens
Which gland produces a lubricating fluid during intercourse?
Bulbourethral gland
Which hormone causes the secondary sexual characteristic of males?
Testosterone
Which of the following is the more common cause of severe pain during defecation and during intercourse?
Endometriosis
Which segment of the sperm contains the acrosome?
Head
During which stage or meiosis do the CENTROMERES line up on Metaphase Plate so that one Chromatid is on each side?
Metaphase II
During which phase of meiosis do the spindle fibers contract pulling the two groups of chromosomes to their respective poles (centromeres do NOT divide)?
Anaphase I
Muscle in walls of scrotum which help regulate testicular temperature?
Dartos muscle
During which phase of meiosis do the aster fibers appear for the second time?
Prophase II
A condition caused by production of excessive amounts of androgens?
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Cells located in the connective tissue just outside of the seminiferous tubules which produce testosterone?
Interstitial or (Leydig Cells)
Which cells convert testosterone into most of a woman’s estrogen?
Granulosa cells
A type of nuclear division represented by Gametogensis?
Meiosis
Which cells of the ovarian follicle produce testosterone?
Thecal Cells
During which phase of meiosis do the spindle fibers disappear for the first time?
Telophase I
How many polar bodies are produced by meiosis of a single diploid cell in a woman?
3
What protein is coded for by the SRY gene?
Testis-Determining Factor (TDF)
Nuclear (cell) division that results in haploid daughter cells?
Meiosis
For a male, how long does meiosis continue once started?
Throughout life
Which of the following hormones maintains the corpus luteum?
Progesterone
How many “chromosomal dumps” are produced by meiosis of a single diploid cell in a woman?
3
What is the source of the X chromosome for a female embryo “maternal” or “paternal”?
Maternal and Paternal
A compound added to the semen to be used as a fuel for the flagellum?
Fructose
Which of the early embryonic structures gives rise to male reproductive structures?
Mesonephric duct or (Wolffian duct)
Which gland produces the second largest amount of semen?
Prostate
At what stage of meiosis does fertilization occur?
Metaphase II
At what stage of meiosis is the oocyte lost due to menses?
Metaphase II
How many developing oocytes does a female have at birth?
1.5 million
Days 1-14 of the ovarian cycle are collectively known as?
Follicular phase
A hormone or factor that inhibits the development of the female reproductive tract?
Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH)
A compound added to the semen to help neutralize vaginal pH?
Bicarbonate ion
During which phase of meiosis does the nucleolus reform for the first time?
Telophase I
Days 0-5 of a woman’s reproductive cycle (assuming it’s a 28 day cycle) are known as?
Menses
Name the bacterium that causes an STD which causes urethral inflammation, sterility in a woman and may be asymptomatic in 40% male cases and 60% female cases?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Early human embryos possess the structures that can form the reproductive tracts of BOTH sexes?
True
The tubules within the testes in which the sperm develop?
Seminiferous Tubules
A glycoprotein “shell” which surrounds the human oocyte?
Zona pellucida
When conducting a PAPS smear, samples should be taken from the Transformation Zone located at the?
Squamo-columnar junction
An STD that causes venereal warts, does little damage to male and is the primary cause of cervical carcinoma in women?
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
Which of the following best represents the secretory phase?
Days 15-28
Which compounds are the principle inducers of pain during menstruation?
Prostaglandins
Which hormone causes the release of luteinizing hormone?
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone
Which of the following hormones causes the luteinizing hormone peak?
Estradiol
Late in the menstrual cycle, what effect does estrogen have on FSH and LH levels?
Negative feedback
Estrogen is derived from which molecule?
Testosterone
Which cells produce the blood-testes barrier?
Sustentacular or Sertoli Cells
A process in which the #1 paternal chromosome pairs up with the #1 maternal chromosome, etc, etc. through the #23 chromosome?
Synapsis
These cells line the walls of the antrum?
Granulosa Cells
During which phase of meiosis do the aster fibers disappear for the second time?
Telophase II
Which of the following is converted into estradiol?
Testosterone
During which division of meiosis do replicated haploid cells give rise to unreplicated haploid gametes?
Second division
How many [which] pair of chromosomes are the “sex” chromosomes?
23
Yeast infections (thrush if oral) are caused by which organism?
Candida albicans
Which hormone directly triggers spermatogenesis?
Testosterone
Approximately how many women experience clinically painful menstruation?
50%
How many haploid oocytes are produced by meiosis of a single diploid cell?
One
Approximately how many infant males experience the condition in which the testes fail to fall?
5%
Which of the following determines which follicle will become the dominant follicle (the one to release the oocyte)?
the number of FSH receptors
What occurs during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle?
Progesterone produced to maintain uterus for pregnancy
What is the onset of a woman’s period called?
Menarche
What is the composition of the morning after pill?
Elevated estrogen, or progesterone, or both
What are the chromosomal dumps produced during meiosis?
Polar bodies
Days 1-5 of the uterine cycle are collectively known as?
Menses
At what stage of meiosis are the oocytes when they enter the first meiotic arrest?
Prophase I
At what stage of meiosis does ovulation occur?
Prophase II
A stage of cervical carcinoma in which the normal, simple columnar epithelium of the uterus is continually being replaced by squamous epithelium?
Metaplasia
Without a functioning Y chromosome, a child will develop as female?
True
When does the LH surge occur?
Just prior to day 14
Where is the human chorionic gonadotropin produced during the first eight weeks of pregnancy?
Trophoblast cells of embryo
Days 6-14 of the uterine cycle are collectively known as?
Proliferative phase
Which sex steroid boosts the basal metabolic rate the most?
Testosterone
Failure of the tests to descend into the scrotum is known as?
Cyrptorchidism
The third most prevalent cancer cause of death in women is?
Cervical carcinoma
The most common benign tumors of the uterine smooth muscle are known as?
Leiomyoma or fibroid
What occurs during menses?
Menstrual bleeding
Where is human chorionic gonadotropin produced after 8th weeks of pregnancy?
Placenta
Where is follicle stimulating hormone produced?
Anterior Pituitary Gland
Which glands produces about 60% of the semen?
Seminal vesicles
Early in the menstrual cycle, what effect does estrogen have on FSH and LH levels?
Decreases their levels
Days 14-28 of the ovarian cycle are collectively known as?
Luteal phase
Which hormone causes a deeper voice?
Testosterone
What is the major function of the corpus luteum?
Produces progesterone to maintain uterus for pregnancy
A term which indicates a cell containing two sets of chromosomes, one set from the mother, the other from father?
Diploid
What occurs when progesterone levels fall?
The uterine lining detaches and menses occurs
Which hormone causes the release of follicle stimulating hormone?
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone
Specialized veins which help cool the warm arterial blood entering the testes?
Pampiniform plexus
What ovarian structure contains the oocyte?
Ovarian follicle
At what stage of meiosis are almost all the oocytes in all of the women in this room?
Prophase I
Virtually, how many oocytes does a female have after menopause?
Zero
At what phase of meiosis is an oocyte when it is ovulated?
Prophase II
Which of the following best represent the luteal phase?
Days 14-28
