TEST 5 Flashcards
Which of the following gives rise to female reproductive structures?
Mullerian duct
During which phase of meiosis do the chromosomes disappear for the first time?
Telophase I
One which chromosome is the sex-determining region of Y (SRY) gene?
Y Chromosome
Which cells possess the enzyme aromatase?
Granulosa cells
A term which indicates a cell containing half the normal number of chromosomes as seen in the gametes?
Haploid
When conducting a PAPS smear, samples should be taken from the squamo-columnar junction which is also known as?
Transformation zone
The enzyme responsible for converting testosterone into estrogen?
Aromatase
Another name for the mullerian duct is?
Paramesonephric duct
What is the major effect or result from a functioning Y chromosome?
Maleness
What enzyme is responsible for the synthesis of estradiol?
Aromatase
Another name for a fibroid is?
Ieiomyoma
During which stage of meiosis do the spindles shrink thereby pulling the chromatids apart (CENTROMERES DIVIDE) allowing the two chromatids to migrate to their respective poles?
Anaphase II
Meiosis in the female is known as?
Oogenesis
During which phase of meiosis do the nuclear membranes dissociates for the first time?
Prophase I
The production of egg and sperm is known as?
Gametogensis
What is the major function of the granulosa cells?
Produce estradiol
Which sex chromosomes can a mother contribute to the embryo?
X
Which of the early embryonic structures give rise to female reproductive structures?
Paramesonephric duct or (Mullerian duct)
What is the source of the X chromosome for a male embryo “maternal” or “paternal”?
Maternal
Which of the following is responsible for producing the hormone responsible for maintaining the uterus for pregnancy?
Corpus Luteum
During which phase of meiosis do the chromosomes disappear for the second time?
Telophase II
A stage of cervical carcinoma in which the adjacent tissues are involved with concomitant vaginal bleeding and discharge?
Invasive carcinoma
Which product of the testes regulates the development of primary and secondary characteristics of the male?
Testosterone
Cervical carcinoma may be considered a sexually transmitted disease by some epidemiologists because an overwhelming majority is caused by?
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
Which sex chromosomes can a mother contribute to the embryo?
X or Y
How many haploid spermatozoa are produced by meiosis of a single diploid cell?
4
What glands make semen?
Accessory gland
Which segment of the sperm contains mitochondria?
Midpiece
During which phase of meiosis do the nuclear membrane reform for the second time?
Telophase II
Which product of the testes is the typical “male hormone”?
Testosterone
Which of the following genes regulates the development of the testes?
Sex-Determining Region Y (SRY)
Which of the following are typical (30-50% of the cases) symptoms of uterine fibroids?
Abnormal menstrual bleeding
Which hormone causes the production of testosterone?
Luteinizing Hormone
During which phase of meiosis do the aster fibers disappear for the first time?
Telophase I
During which phase of meiosis do the aster fibers appear for the first time?
Prophase I
The process in which the #1 chromosome from dad finds and pairs up with the #1 chromosome from Mom and the same happens for chromosomes 2-23?
Synapsis
During which division of meiosis is the number of chromosomes cut in half?
First Division
Generally, enlargement of the prostate that occurs in most men with increased age is?
benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPG)
What is the sex chromosomal composition for a normal human female?
XX
Another name for the Wolffian duct is?
Mesonephric duct
During which stage of syphilis is permanent damage caused to the heart, kidneys, and brain?
Tertiary stage
During which phase of meiosis do the chromosomes become visible for the second time?
Prophase II
Nuclear (cell) division that results in diploid daughter cells?
Mitosis
Name the organism that causes an STD which results in urethral inflammation, infertility in women, and 30% of all pediatric pneumonia cases?
Chlamydia trachomatis
What is the sex chromosomal composition for a normal human male?
XY
The fluid filled space in the follicle is called?
Antrum
During which phase of meiosis do the spindle fibers disappear for the second time?
Telophase II
What is a direct function of human chorionic gonadotropin?
Keeps the corpus luteum functioning
The production of sperm is known as?
Spermatogensis
Which hormone causes the sperm cells to become sensitive to testosterone?
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
“XX” is the normal sex chromosomal composition for?
Female
The production of oocytes is known as?
Oogenesis
These cells originate outside of the embryo “proper” and will eventually give rise to the gonads?
Primordial Germ Cells
During which phase of meiosis do the nuclear membrane dissociates for the second time?
Prophase II
What is the mechanism of action RU486?
Blocks progesterone receptors
During which phase of meiosis do the homologous pairs line up on metaphase plate so that one member of each pair is on each side of plate?
Metaphase I
During which phase of meiosis does the nucleolus dissociates for the second time?
Prophase II
Which glands produce most of the semen?
Seminal vesicles
How does the abortion pill (RU 486) function?
Blocks progesterone receptors
Which drug prevents the sperm from reaching the egg?
Morning after pill
From what structure do the primordial germ cells originate?
Yolk sac
How many developing oocytes does a female have during the 7th month of fetal development?
6-7 million
A condition by which oocytes continually degenerate and die?
Atresia
A structure that allows the testes to remain cooler than body temperature by positioning them outside of the abdopelvic cavity?
Scrotum
During which phase of meiosis does the nucleolus reform the second time?
Telophase II
The second most prevalent cancer cause of death in men is?
Prostate cancer
What is the source of the Y chromosome for a male embryo “maternal” or “paternal”?
Paternal
The name for the human egg is?
oocyte
During which days of a woman’s reproductive cycle (assuming its a 28 day cycle) does menstrual bleeding occur?
Days 1-5
When does ovulation occur?
Day 14
During which phase of meiosis do the spindle fibers appear for the second time?
Prophase II
Which hormone causes a higher muscle to fat ratio?
Testosterone
Which hormone causes body hair to become course?
Testosterone
During which phase of meiosis do the spindle fibers appear for the first time?
Prophase I
Which compounds are produced by the Leydig cells?
Testosterone and other androgens
Which gland produces a lubricating fluid during intercourse?
Bulbourethral gland
Which hormone causes the secondary sexual characteristic of males?
Testosterone
Which of the following is the more common cause of severe pain during defecation and during intercourse?
Endometriosis
Which segment of the sperm contains the acrosome?
Head
During which stage or meiosis do the CENTROMERES line up on Metaphase Plate so that one Chromatid is on each side?
Metaphase II
During which phase of meiosis do the spindle fibers contract pulling the two groups of chromosomes to their respective poles (centromeres do NOT divide)?
Anaphase I
Muscle in walls of scrotum which help regulate testicular temperature?
Dartos muscle
During which phase of meiosis do the aster fibers appear for the second time?
Prophase II
A condition caused by production of excessive amounts of androgens?
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Cells located in the connective tissue just outside of the seminiferous tubules which produce testosterone?
Interstitial or (Leydig Cells)
Which cells convert testosterone into most of a woman’s estrogen?
Granulosa cells
A type of nuclear division represented by Gametogensis?
Meiosis
Which cells of the ovarian follicle produce testosterone?
Thecal Cells
During which phase of meiosis do the spindle fibers disappear for the first time?
Telophase I
How many polar bodies are produced by meiosis of a single diploid cell in a woman?
3
What protein is coded for by the SRY gene?
Testis-Determining Factor (TDF)
Nuclear (cell) division that results in haploid daughter cells?
Meiosis
For a male, how long does meiosis continue once started?
Throughout life
Which of the following hormones maintains the corpus luteum?
Progesterone
How many “chromosomal dumps” are produced by meiosis of a single diploid cell in a woman?
3
What is the source of the X chromosome for a female embryo “maternal” or “paternal”?
Maternal and Paternal
A compound added to the semen to be used as a fuel for the flagellum?
Fructose
Which of the early embryonic structures gives rise to male reproductive structures?
Mesonephric duct or (Wolffian duct)
Which gland produces the second largest amount of semen?
Prostate
At what stage of meiosis does fertilization occur?
Metaphase II
At what stage of meiosis is the oocyte lost due to menses?
Metaphase II
How many developing oocytes does a female have at birth?
1.5 million
Days 1-14 of the ovarian cycle are collectively known as?
Follicular phase
A hormone or factor that inhibits the development of the female reproductive tract?
Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH)
A compound added to the semen to help neutralize vaginal pH?
Bicarbonate ion
During which phase of meiosis does the nucleolus reform for the first time?
Telophase I
Days 0-5 of a woman’s reproductive cycle (assuming it’s a 28 day cycle) are known as?
Menses
Name the bacterium that causes an STD which causes urethral inflammation, sterility in a woman and may be asymptomatic in 40% male cases and 60% female cases?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Early human embryos possess the structures that can form the reproductive tracts of BOTH sexes?
True
The tubules within the testes in which the sperm develop?
Seminiferous Tubules
A glycoprotein “shell” which surrounds the human oocyte?
Zona pellucida
When conducting a PAPS smear, samples should be taken from the Transformation Zone located at the?
Squamo-columnar junction
An STD that causes venereal warts, does little damage to male and is the primary cause of cervical carcinoma in women?
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
Which of the following best represents the secretory phase?
Days 15-28
Which compounds are the principle inducers of pain during menstruation?
Prostaglandins
Which hormone causes the release of luteinizing hormone?
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone
Which of the following hormones causes the luteinizing hormone peak?
Estradiol
Late in the menstrual cycle, what effect does estrogen have on FSH and LH levels?
Negative feedback
Estrogen is derived from which molecule?
Testosterone
Which cells produce the blood-testes barrier?
Sustentacular or Sertoli Cells
A process in which the #1 paternal chromosome pairs up with the #1 maternal chromosome, etc, etc. through the #23 chromosome?
Synapsis
These cells line the walls of the antrum?
Granulosa Cells
During which phase of meiosis do the aster fibers disappear for the second time?
Telophase II
Which of the following is converted into estradiol?
Testosterone
During which division of meiosis do replicated haploid cells give rise to unreplicated haploid gametes?
Second division
How many [which] pair of chromosomes are the “sex” chromosomes?
23
Yeast infections (thrush if oral) are caused by which organism?
Candida albicans
Which hormone directly triggers spermatogenesis?
Testosterone
Approximately how many women experience clinically painful menstruation?
50%
How many haploid oocytes are produced by meiosis of a single diploid cell?
One
Approximately how many infant males experience the condition in which the testes fail to fall?
5%
Which of the following determines which follicle will become the dominant follicle (the one to release the oocyte)?
the number of FSH receptors
What occurs during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle?
Progesterone produced to maintain uterus for pregnancy
What is the onset of a woman’s period called?
Menarche
What is the composition of the morning after pill?
Elevated estrogen, or progesterone, or both
What are the chromosomal dumps produced during meiosis?
Polar bodies
Days 1-5 of the uterine cycle are collectively known as?
Menses
At what stage of meiosis are the oocytes when they enter the first meiotic arrest?
Prophase I
At what stage of meiosis does ovulation occur?
Prophase II
A stage of cervical carcinoma in which the normal, simple columnar epithelium of the uterus is continually being replaced by squamous epithelium?
Metaplasia
Without a functioning Y chromosome, a child will develop as female?
True
When does the LH surge occur?
Just prior to day 14
Where is the human chorionic gonadotropin produced during the first eight weeks of pregnancy?
Trophoblast cells of embryo
Days 6-14 of the uterine cycle are collectively known as?
Proliferative phase
Which sex steroid boosts the basal metabolic rate the most?
Testosterone
Failure of the tests to descend into the scrotum is known as?
Cyrptorchidism
The third most prevalent cancer cause of death in women is?
Cervical carcinoma
The most common benign tumors of the uterine smooth muscle are known as?
Leiomyoma or fibroid
What occurs during menses?
Menstrual bleeding
Where is human chorionic gonadotropin produced after 8th weeks of pregnancy?
Placenta
Where is follicle stimulating hormone produced?
Anterior Pituitary Gland
Which glands produces about 60% of the semen?
Seminal vesicles
Early in the menstrual cycle, what effect does estrogen have on FSH and LH levels?
Decreases their levels
Days 14-28 of the ovarian cycle are collectively known as?
Luteal phase
Which hormone causes a deeper voice?
Testosterone
What is the major function of the corpus luteum?
Produces progesterone to maintain uterus for pregnancy
A term which indicates a cell containing two sets of chromosomes, one set from the mother, the other from father?
Diploid
What occurs when progesterone levels fall?
The uterine lining detaches and menses occurs
Which hormone causes the release of follicle stimulating hormone?
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone
Specialized veins which help cool the warm arterial blood entering the testes?
Pampiniform plexus
What ovarian structure contains the oocyte?
Ovarian follicle
At what stage of meiosis are almost all the oocytes in all of the women in this room?
Prophase I
Virtually, how many oocytes does a female have after menopause?
Zero
At what phase of meiosis is an oocyte when it is ovulated?
Prophase II
Which of the following best represent the luteal phase?
Days 14-28
Which organelle make up most of the midpiece of a sperm?
Mitochondria
Ribbons of muscle tissue in the spermatic cord which help regulate testicular temperature?
Cremaster muscle
Which of the following best represents menses?
Days 1-5
Which of the following is responsible for maintaining the uterus for pregnancy?
Progesterone
During which phase of meiosis do the nuclear membrane reform for the first time?
Telophase I
What exactly proliferates during the proliferative stage of the cycle?
Endometrium
What produces human chorionic gonadotropin from day 8 until the eighth week of pregnancy?
Trophoblast cells of the embryo
Late in the menstrual cycle, what effect does estrogen have on FSH and LH levels?
Decrease their levels
During which phase of meiosis do the chromosomes first become visible as being replicated?
Prophase I
25-36 hours of high levels of this hormone causes the LH surge?
Estrogen
A disease in which functioning uterine lining is found outside the uterus in the abdominal and pelvic cavities?
Endometriosis
A severe inflammation of the upper genital (reproductive) tract resulting in infertility, ectopic pregnancies, and severe pain often caused by sexually transmitted diseases?
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Which of the following is responsible for maintaining the uterus for pregnancy?
Corpus Luteum
What name is given to the follicle once it regresses and no longer maintains an endocrine (hormone producing) function?
Corpus albicans
Which of the following directly stimulate an increase in the numbers of progesterone receptors?
Estrogen
Which of the following hormones stimulates the production of estradiol?
Follicle stimulating hormone
Which cells surround the sperm?
Sustentacular or Sertoli Cells
Special protein rings that hold the two chromatids together?
Centromere
A structure in the front of the sperm cell which contains digestive enzymes?
Acrosome
Which of the following compounds is most commonly associated with causing uterine contractions?
Oxytocin
Which of the following compounds is most commonly associated with causing meningeal vasodilation ( one of the most common causes of headaches)?
Prostaglandins
What is the name given to the follicle, once it fills with various cell types and begins to produce progesterone?
Corpus luteum
Early in the menstrual cycle, what effect does estrogen have on FSH and LH levels?
Negative feedback
What cells in the testes produce testosterone?
Interstitial or Leydig Cells
The “chromosomal dumps” which are discarded during meiosis in a woman is known as?
Polar body
When does meiosis begin for a human female?
Fetus
What occurs if the corpus luteum regresses?
Reduced levels of progesterone
A condition marked by painful menstruation is known as?
Dysmenorrhea
What effect does an abnormally high level of progesterone have on fertility?
Prevents the sperm from reaching the egg and prevents egg implantation
What hormone is derived from the conversion of testosterone?
Estradiol
Which hormone regulates libido?
Testosterone
Which of the following is responsible for maintaining the corpus luteum during the early stages of pregnancy?
Human chorionic gonadotropin
“XY” is the normal sex chromosomal composition for “male” or “female?
Male
Where is estradiol produced?
Granulosa cells
Which drug prevents ovulation?
The morning after pill
The cells of the outer wall of the ovarian follicle are known as?
Thecal Cells
What occurs if the corpus luteum regresses?
Menses
Another name for a mature follicle is?
Graafian Follicle
Another name for the paramesonephrinc duct is?
Mullerian Duct
An overwhelming majority of cervical carcinoma is directly attributable to?
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
Just following ovulation, what is the name given to the follicle (fills with blood) which released the oocyte?
Corpus Hemorrhagicum
Which stage of syphilis may last for decades during which symptoms may or may not reappear?
Latent Stage
What is the process by which homologous chromosomes find each other and line up, side by side?
Synapsis
After the 4th month of pregnancy, which endocrine processes maintain the pregnancy?
Estrogen and Progesterone are produced by the placenta
How many chromosomes are in a human “oocyte/embryo” during anaphase II of meiosis?
69
At what stage of meiosis is the second meiotic arrest?
Metaphase II
The absence of menstruation is known as?
Amenorrhea
How many chromosomes are in a human cell after the first meiotic division?
23
Which of the following compounds is most commonly associated with causing uterine vasoconstriction?
Prostaglandins
What is the result of the action of RU486?
Induces menses even if the uterus is pregnant
An STD that causes liver failure or hepatic cancer?
Hepatitis B
The division of cytoplasm is known as?
Cytokinesis
Which of the following hormones directly causes ovulation?
Luteinizing hormone
A condition in which the uterine ligaments (especially the sacrouterine) are compromised and the uterus moves into the vaginal canal?
Uterine Prolapse
Another name for a leiomyoma?
Fibroid
Which compound directs the development of the male gonads?
Testes-Determining Factor (TDF)
A chronic stage of syphilis in which symptoms may re-occur over a 5 year period?
Secondary stage
Which of the following best represents the follicular phase?
Days 1-14
Which segment of the sperm contains the nucleus?
Head
If the SRY gene on the “Y” chromosome works, this structure will cause the development of the MALE reproductive tract?
Mesonephric (Wolffian) Duct
Which hormone causes thicker, oily skin?
Testosterone
Another name for the first division of meiosis?
Reduction division
During which phase of meiosis does the nucleolus dissociates for the first time?
Prophase I
A stage of cervical carcinoma in which almost all of the cervical epithelial cells demonstrate cellular features of carcinoma, however, the underlying tissues remain effected?
Cervical carcinoma in situ
How many developing oocytes does a female have at puberty?
400,000
What effect does abnormally high level of estrogen have on fertility?
Prevents ovulation
After the first meiotic arrest, when does meiosis begin again in a woman?
Puberty
Prolonged and painful erection that accures without sexual arousal is known as?
Priapism
What occurs during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle?
Granulosa cells produce estrogen
The fourth most prevalent cancer cause of death in women is?
Ovarian cancer
What produces human chorionic gonadotropin from the 8th week until the 4th month of pregnancy?
Placenta
Because it is produced by the embryo, what hormone is used to indicate a “positive” test for pregnancy?
Human chorionic gonadotropin
When does meiosis begin for a human male?
Puberty
The second most prevalent cancer cause of death in women, effecting 1 of every 8?
Breast cancer
A painless lesion caused by the production of analgesic by the bacterium that causes syphilis?
Chancer
Why are the testes located in the scrotum rather than inside the abdominal cavity?
To allow cooler temperatures necessary for normal spermatogenesis
Which of the following causes prolonged and painful erection that accures without sexual arousal is caused by?
Spinal cord trauma, sickle cell disease and tumors
If there is not a Y chromosome (i.e. XX) or if the SRY genes do not work, this structure will cause the development of the FEMALE reproductive tract?
Paramesonephric (Mullerian) Duct
Which drug keeps the egg from implanting?
The morning after pill
The failure of the testes to descend into the scrotum is known as?
Cryptorchidism
A benign condition afflicting approximately 90% of women in the US causing tenderness in the breasts especially around menses?
Fibrocystic Breast Disease
How old is the fetus when the primordial germ cells enter its body?
5 weeks
Another name for the mesonephrinc duct is?
Wolffian duct
Which stage of syphilis appears in the beginning as a painless lesion which soon disappears?
Primary Stage
Meiosis in male is known as?
Spermatogenesis
The process in which paternal genes are exchange for maternal genes on homologues?
Crossovers
Two very widespread STDs that causes inflammation to the urethra and is major cause of infertility in women?
Gonorrhea and Chlamydia
Name the STD caused by a flagellated protozoan that results in acute vaginitis?
Trichomonas vaginalis
A stage of cervical carcinoma marked by the replacement of some epithelial cells by atypical neoplastic cells?
Dysplasia or precancer
Which of the following hormones prepares and maintains the uterus for pregnancy?
Progesterone
Sagitt-
arrow
salta-
leap
sanguin-
blood
sarco-
flesh
sclero-
hard
saphen-
visible, clear
-scope
instrument used for examination
seb-
grease
semen
seed
semi-
half
sens-
feeling
septi-
rotton
septum
fence
sero-
serum
serrat-
saw
sin(o)-
a hollow
soma-
body
-some
body
somn-
sleep
sphin-
squeezer
splanch-
organ
spondyl-
vertebrae
squam-
scale, flat
-stalsis
arrest, fixation
steno-
narrow
-stitia
come to stand
-stomy
establishing an artificial opening
strat-
layer
stria-
furrow, streak
stroma
spread out
sub-
beneath, under
sucr-
sweet
sudor-
sweat
super-
above, upon
supra-
above, upon
sym-
together, with
syn-
together, with
synerg-
work together
systol-
contraction
tachy-
rapid
tact-
touch
-tegm
cover
telo-
the end
templ-
time
A method of collecting fetal cells by sampling the amniotic fluid?
Amniocentesis
The period of the birth process that lies between dilation and delivery is known as?
Expulsion stage
A specialized membrane (sac) which surrounds the amnion and has finger-like projections called villi?
chorion
Approximately how old is the human embryo when it reaches the 2-cell stage?
30 hours
Approximately how old is the human embryo when it reaches the uterus?
3-4 days
How old is the human fetus when most amniocentesis are advised?
10-12 weeks
Which layer of the bilaminar blastula will produce the embryo proper
Epiblast
A term for developing embryo or fetus is?
Conceptus
Which primary germ layer gives rise to the dermis?
Mesoderm
A fertilized oocyte is referred to as?
Zygote
Another name for the embryonic disc stage of development?
Trilaminar embryo
Which primary germ layer gives rise to the muscles?
Mesoderm
By what embryonic age does the anterior portion of the neural groove close?
Day 25
A specialized fluid-filled membrane (sac) which surrounds the embryo or fetus?
Amnion
Approximately how old is the human embryo when it reaches the morula stage?
3 days
A method of collecting fetal cells by sampling the parts of the placenta?
Chorionic Villus Sampling
What does the inner cell mass become in a human embryo?
embryo proper
Which of the bilaminar blastula will produce the yolk sac?
Hypoblast
Which part of the blastula will give rise to the placenta?
Trophoblasts
What will the trophoblasts give rise to?
Placenta
The name given to the other layer of cells of a human blastula?
Trophoblasts
Each cell of an embryo is referred to as?
Blastomeres
What structure will become part of the umbilical cord and urinary bladder?
Allantois
The name given to the human embryo once the inner cell mass differentiates into two layers?
Bilaminar blastula
Which cells from the trophoblast give rise to the syncytiotrophoblasts?
Cytotrophoblasts
The birth process is known as?
Parturition
Spaces that become filled with maternal blood which will bath the chorionic villi of the embryo?
Lacunae
Which primary germ layer gives rise to the posterior pituitary gland?
Ectoderm
A median cylindrical structure in a human embryo that will be replaced by the vertebral column?
Notochord
Approximately how old is the human embryo at implantation?
6 days
The name for the human conceptus from day 1 to the 8th week?
Embryo
The name for the human conceptus from the 8th week until birth?
Fetus
The period of the birth process in which the placenta separates from the uterus and is delivered?
Placental stage
Approximately how old is the human embryo when it reaches the blastula stage?
4 days
Which primary germ layer gives rise to the adrenal cortex?
Mesoderm
The period of time for development of the embryo and fetus within the uterus?
Gastrulation
Which primary germ layer gives rise to the?
Mesoderm
Which part of the blastula will give rise to the embryo proper?
Inner cell mass
What lines the blastocoel making it the primary yolk sac?
Mesoderm
The first stage of birth in which the cervical opening will reach a diameter of 10 cm?
Dilation stage
That period of the birth process in which the fetal head begins to push through the vaginal orifice?
Crowning
These cells from the trophoblast invade the uterus to establish the placenta?
Syncytiotrophoblasts
Which primary germ layer gives rise to the epidermis?
Ectoderm
What is the source of the hormone that signals the maternal release of oxytocin, “maternal” or “fetal”?
Fetal
What stage of the bilaminar embryo gives rise to ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm?
Epiblast
Assuming a 28 day cycle, when does fertilization occur?
Day 14-15
Which primary germ layer gives rise to the central nervous system?
Ectoderm
Failure of the anterior neural groove to close results in which condition?
Anencephaly
Where does fertilization occur in the woman?
Ampulla of the Fallopian tube
Which primary germ layer gives rise to the blood?
Mesoderm
Another name for the trilaminar embryo?
embryonic disc
The name given to the human embryo once inner cell mass flattens and develops three layers?
Embryonic disc or trilaminar embryo
A term that refers to cells of an embryo which have the potential to develop into a complete individual?
Totipotent
Which primary germ layer gives rise to most of the visceral organs?
Endoderm
Which primary germ layer gives rise to the adrenal medulla?
Ectoderm
A stage of human development that is analogous to the gastrula stage of lower animals?
Embryonic disk or trilaminar embryo
How old is the human fetus when most chorionic villus sampling is advised?
15-18 weeks
Which hormone signals the maternal release of oxytocin?
Cortisol
The process of the production of the primary germ layers is known as?
Embryogenesis
The name of an embryo when it becomes a solid ball of cells?
Morula
Approximately how many cells are in a human embryo?
16
By what embryonic age does the anterior portion of the neural groove close?
Day 27
That period of the birth process in which the fetal head begins to push through the vaginal orifice?
Expulsion stage
Masses of mesoderm that lie on either side of the notochord which will give rise to portions of the skeleton, skin, and muscles?
Somites
The process in which the fetal head pushes down into the cervix causing the cervix to become thin and soft?
Effacement
The name of an embryo when it becomes a hollow ball of cells?
Blastula
Failure of the posterior neural groove to close results in which condition?
Spina bifida
How old is the human embryo when it reaches the embryonic disc or trilaminar embryo (gastrula in lower animals) stage?
15-16 days
Which cells of the embryo produce HCG?
Trophoblasts
The process of the production of the organs and their systems is known as?
Organogenesis
The fluid-filled space of a blastula is known as?
Blastocoel
A term that refers to the fact that certain cells are multinucleated?
Syncytio
tens-
stretched
tetan-
rigid, tense
Therm-
heat
thromb-
clot
thyro-
a shield
tissu-
woven
-titis
inflammation
-tomy
to cut
tono-
tension
tox-
poison
trab-
beam, timber
trans-
across, through
trapez-
table
tri-
three
trop-
turn, change
troph-
nourish
-trud
thrust
tuber-
swelling
tunic-
covering
-ty
condition of
typman-
drum
ultra-
beyond
-uria
urine
vacc-
cow
vagin-
a sheath
vagus
wanderer
valen-
strength
vent-
the wind
venter
abdomen, belly
ventr-
abdomen, belly
vert-
turn
vestibul-
a porch
vibr-
shake, quiver
villus
shaggy hair
viscero-
organ
viscon-
sticky
vita-
life
vitre-
glass
viv-
live
vulv-
a covering
zyg-
a yoke, twin
-zyme
ferment
