Test 1 Endocrine System Flashcards
A term that indicates a function similar to endocrine except they have their effects on the very same cell?
Autocrine
The abbreviated name for a group used to inhibit prostaglandins production
NSAIDs
These specialized fatty acids cause pain associated with menstrual cycle?
Prostaglandins
Which type of diabetes mellitus is related to fat catabolism?
Type I Diabetes
A second messenger activates protein kinase A?
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP)
Produced by leukocytes and mast cells, these fatty acids regulate the immune system and the inflammatory response.
Leukotriene
What effect does the down-regulation of its receptors have on sensitivity that a cell demonstrates towards a specific hormone?
It decreases
A term that indicates a gland that produces hormones?
Endocrine
Where is parathyroid hormone (PTH) produced?
Parathyroid Gland
Where is vasopressin (VP) stored and released?
Neurohypophysis (Posterior Pituitary Gland)
What must a hormone bind in order to have its effect?
Receptor
Which compound activates G proteins?
Guanosine Triphosphate
What is another name for calcitriol?
Vitamin D
Which type of diabetes is “insulin dependent?”
Type II Diabetes
What is the major function of Somatostatin?
Inhibits the release of Growth Hormone
A hormone that causes the stomach to produce more acid?
Gastrin
From which compound are the eicosanoids derived?
Arachidonic Acid
How does the hypocortisolism effect body weight?
It decreases it
How does hypocortisolism effect blood pressure?
It decreases it
A hormone that causes the pancreas to release bicarbonate ion into the duodenum?
Secretin
What is the major function of Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH)?
Releases corticotropin
Hormones from the adrenal medulla that increases anxiety?
Epinepherine & Norepinepherine
Which type of diabetes mellitus is more common?
Type II Diabetes
What type of diabetes is “insulin dependent?”
Type I Diabetes
Other than mast cells, what cells produce leukotrienes?
Leukocytes
Which hormone causes an increase in absorption of Calcium and Phosphate by intestines?
Calcitriol or Vitamin D
Produced by platelets, these fatty acids aid in blood clotting?
Thormboxane
Which type of diabetes has a very high correlation with obesity?
Type II Diabetes
In order for a hormone to have its effect, it must have a “___” in the target cells?
Receptor
Specifically, which cells are destroyed in Type I Diabetes?
Beta Cells
What is the major function of Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
Release of Gonadotropin
Which thyroid disease is associated with lethargy and confusion?
Hypothyroidism
A term that describes abnormally frequent drinking.
Polydipsia
An enzyme that is responsible for the destruction of Cycle Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) is?
Phosphodiesteras
Which hormone made by the hypothalamus causes the release of milk from the mammary glands?
Oxytocin
A molecule on the intracellular side of a receptor that transmits the hormone’s chemical effect deep into the cell?
Second Messenger
In which organ is atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) produced?
Heart
Where is thyrotropin releasing hormone produced?
Hypothalamus
Natural opium-like pain killer made by your body?
Beta endorphin and enkephalin
What is the major function of thyrotropin?
Causes the thyroid gland to release thyroxin
These specialized fatty acids cause vasodilation.
Prostaglandins
What is the major function of thyrotropin releasing hormone?
Release of thyrotropin
What is the major function of Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone?
Release of Growth Hormone
An example of an enzyme that phosphorylates another enzyme is?
Protein Kinase A
Which enzyme is responsible for the production of Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP)?
Adenylate Cyclase
A type of lipid hormone that generally, these do not have cell membrane receptors, however, they easily enter the cell and have receptors in the nucleus to have their effects?
Steroid Hormones
A condition of bone thinning due to a loss of calcium from bone tissue?
Osteoporosis
Specifically where is cortisol produced?
Adrenal Cortex
Hypertonic blood has what effect on tissues?
Dehydration
Where is Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone produced?
Hypothalamus
Which cells of the pancreas produce somatostatin?
Delta cells
Where is oxytocin stored and released?
Neurohypophysis (Posterior Pituitary Gland)
Which compound deactivates G proteins?
Guanosine Diphosphate
Where is Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) produced?
Anterior Pituitary Gland (Adenohypophysis)
What is the major function of Growth Hormones?
Stimulates cell division and release insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I)
Which enzyme is activated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)?
Protein Kinase A
Hypocortisolism effects blood pressure in such a manner as to cause?
Hypotension
Which hormone causes the release of prolactin?
Prolactin Releasing Hormone
Which hormone prevents the release of prolactin?
Prolactin Inhibiting Hormone (PIH)
Which enzyme is activated by G proteins?
Adenylate Cyclase and Phospholipase C
What is the major function of Prolactin Releasing Hormone?
Release of Prolactin
Which hormone causes the release of gonadotropins?
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone
Which hormone increases calorie burning?
Thyroid Hormone
What is another name for the neurohypophysis?
Posterior Pituitary Gland
What structure releases secretin?
Small intestines
The ability of one hormone to make a target organ much more sensitive to another completely different hormone?
Permissive Action
What structures produce thromboxanes?
Platelets
Increasing the number of receptors in the cell membrane is known as?
Up-Regulation
The active form of thyroid hormone is?
T3
What type of hormones directly enter the cells nucleus where they combined with their receptors and bind with the DNA to turn the genes on or off?
Steroid
These specialized fatty acids cause pain associated with endometriosis?
Prostaglandins
Major function of Prolactin Inhibiting Hormone is what?
Prevents release of prolactin
The ovaries and testes are known as what?
Gonads
what is the major function of erythropoietin?
Produces erythrocytes
Where is antidiuretic hormone (ADH) stored and relased?
Neurohypophysis (Posterior Pituitary Gland)
What is another name for adrenaline?
Epinepherine
Decreasing the number of receptors in the cell membrane is known as what?
Down-Regulation
What is the major hormone which causes an increase in the cellular uptake of glucose from the plasma?
Insulin
Which hormone causes the release of thyrotropin?
Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone
Which hormone from the adrenal cortex causes the release of glucose into the blood?
Cortisol
Which hormone inhibits the release of growth hormone?
Somatostatin
Which thyroid disease is associated with an increase in catabolic mechanisms?
Hyperthyroidism
Which hormone made by the hypothalamus causes profound vasoconstriction?
Vasopressin
A clinical condition caused by a deficiency in cortisol is known as what?
Hypocortisolism
Where is most somatostatin produced?
Hypothalamus
