test 3.6

Question 1

true or false

Tissues respond to phase duration and pulse duration

Answer 1

false only responds to phase duration

Question 2

what happens if you increase phase duration

Answer 2

you have increased ability to depolarize higher capacitance tissues

Question 3

what is the range for weak, moderate, and intense phase charge

Answer 3

12-15 = weak
20-30 = moderate
30-40 = INTENSE

Question 4

what is interpulse interval

Answer 4

Isoelectric (rest) time period (µs) separating end of one phase duration and beginning of another

Question 5

what is Rise time

Answer 5

Term used to describe the onset of stimulation

Question 6

when is fast rise times preferred

Answer 6

depolarizing low-capacitance nerves

Question 7

when are slow rise times preferred

Answer 7

for depolarizing high-capacitance nerves

Question 8

what is Law of Dubois Reymond

Answer 8

• The effectiveness of a current to target specific excitable tissues is dependent on three major factors
  1) Adequate intensity to reach threshold
  2) Duration long enough to exceed the capacitance of the tissue
  3) Current onset fast enough to reduce accommodation

Question 9

what is the formula for duty cycle

Answer 9

Duty cycle = “ON”/(“ON”+”OFF”)*100

Question 10

Gradual increase in the amplitude of subsequent pulses so that intensity does not come on abruptly when a duty cycle is used is called what?

Answer 10

ramp time

Question 11

what are the three types of electrodes and what is the most common

Answer 11

• Metallic (uses sponges)
• Carbon rubber (uses sponges)
• Silver self-adhesive (most common)

Question 12

does the electron flow occur between the generators or within the tissue

Answer 12

between the generator and electrodes

Question 13

is electrode side is equal should you use bipolar or monopolar arrangement

Answer 13

Equal size=bipolar arrangement

Unequal size=monopolar arrangement

Question 14

what are the characteristic of monopolar technique

Answer 14

-1 polarity over treatment site and 1 over remote site (dispersive)
-Unequal current densities
At least 4:1 difference
-Effects are concentrated under the smaller electrode
“Active” electrode(s)
-No effects under larger electrode
“Dispersive” electrode

Question 15

what are the characteristics of quadipolar technique

Answer 15

• Two bipolar electrode arrangements
• two independent electrical channels
• TENS is a common example

Question 16

true or false

The closer together the electrodes the more parallel paths are formed

Answer 16

false the correct statement is The farther apart the electrodes the more parallel paths are formed

Question 17

will ion flow follow the path of most or least resistance and which structures are these

Answer 17

• Ion flow will follow the path of least resistance
• Nerves
• Blood vessels

Question 18

true or false

The path of least resistance is necessarily the shortest path

Answer 18

false

Question 19

true or false

The current usually does not flow from electrode-to-electrode

Answer 19

true

Question 20

what is the order that nerves will depolarize in

Answer 20

• Sensory nerves
• Motor nerves
• Pain nerves
• Muscle fiber

Question 21

do large or small diameter nerves depolarize first

Answer 21

large diameter

Question 22

do superficial or deep nerves depolarize first

Answer 22

superficial

Question 23

look at picture in phone for phase duration of nerve depolarization

Answer 23

go look