test 1.2 Flashcards
what happens during secondary enzymatic injury
- Lysosomes release enzymes
- Enzymes damage surrounding cells
-Cell membranes lose integrity & polarity
(Leads to hydropic swelling and cell death)
what does secondary hypoxic injury causes
- Vascular and inflammatory changes cause a period of hypoxia
- Causes a shift to anaerobic metabolism
- Eventual inability to produce adequate ATP
Failure of membrane ion pumps
-Eventually leads to hydropic swelling and cell death
what does origination of hypoxia cause
-Damaged blood vessels
-Inflammation induced hemoconcentration
(Thicker blood does not flow as well)
- Increased extravascular pressure from expanding hematoma
- Pain induced muscle spasm
- Hydropic swelling of injured cells
what is hypoxia and ischemia
- hypoxia (inadequate oxygen)
- ischemia (inadequate blood flow)
what does ischemia cause
- Hypoxia
- Inadequate supply of nutrients (e.g. glucose)
- Inadequate removal of waste
what are the events that occur with acute inflammation
- Neurologic events
- Hemodynamic events
- Cellular events
true or false
the events that occur with acute inflammation overlap
true
how long does the inital vasoconstruction last with acute inflammation
30 seconds
what occurs in the neurologic events of acute inflammation
- Initial vasoconstriction
- Gradual vasodilation
what occurs in the hemodynamic events of acute inflammation
- Vasodilation
- Slowing rate of blood flow
- Leukocytes margination
- Hemostasis
- Permeability changes
what occurs in the cellular events of acute inflammation
- Mast cells release histamine and heparin
- circulating leukocytes
what does histamine do
1st chemical, strong vasodilator & increases permeability
what does bradykinins do
increases permeability & pain (especially with prostaglandins
what happens in the first few seconds of acute inflammation
Immediate vasoconstriction
what happens in the first hour of acute inflammation
-Gradual vasodilation
-Hemostasis begins
Mast cell degranulation
-Leukocyte margination
-Large scale neutrophil response begins
what happens after the first hour of acute inflammation
- Hemoconcentration from edema
- Ischemia
- Growing interaction of chemical mediators
- Macrophage response
- Complement System activation
does Labile tissue; fully, partially or does not regenerate
fully regenerates
does Stabile tissue; fully, partially or does not regenerate
partially regenerates
does Permanent tissue; fully, partially or does not regenerate
does not regenerate
what is Fibroplasia
- Formulation of Granulation tissue
- Capillary budding
- Forms mesh-like framework for scar development
true or false
The scarring process aka remodeling phases can take upto a year
true
true or false
chronic inflammation leads to hypertrophic scarring
true
