test 1.4 Flashcards
what are three types of pain perceptions
affective
behavioral
cognitive
how is affective pain perception described
one’s emotional factors that can affect pain experience
how is behavioral pain perception described
how one expresses or controls pain
how is cognitive pain perception described
one’s beliefs (attitudes) about pain
what type of pain is the following sharp, bright, burning; can have a fast or slow onset (Cutaneous, Deep Somatic, Visceral, Pyschogenic pain)
Cutaneous pain
what type of pain is the following stems from tendons, muscles, joints, periosteum and blood vessels (Cutaneous, Deep Somatic, Visceral, Pyschogenic pain)
deep somatic pain
what type of pain is the following originates from internal organs; diffused at first and later may be localized (Cutaneous, Deep Somatic, Visceral, Pyschogenic pain)
Visceral pain
what type of pain is the following individual feels pain but cause is emotional rather than physical (Cutaneous, Deep Somatic, Visceral, Pyschogenic pain)
Pyschogenic pain
what are two types of referred pain
myofascial pain and sclertomic/dermatomic pain
what is active myofascial pain
hyperirritable; causes obvious complaint
what is latent myofascial pain
dormant; produces no pain except loss of ROM
what is sclerotomic/dermatomic pain
deep pain; may originate from sclerotomic, myotomic or dermatomic nerve irritation/injury
is this fast or slow pain;localized; carried through A-delta axons in skin
fast
is this fast or slow pain;aching, throbbing, burning; carried by C fibers
slow
which of the following is abnormal acuteness of
sensitivity to touch, pain, or other sensory stimuli; hyperesthesia, paresthesia, inhibition, analgesic
hyperesthesia
which of the following is abnormal sensation, such
as burning, pricking, tingling; hyperesthesia, paresthesia, inhibition, analgesic
paresthesia
which of the following is depression or arrest of a
function; hyperesthesia, paresthesia, inhibition, analgesic
inhibition
which of the following is a neurologic or
pharmacologic state in which painful stimuli are no longer painful; hyperesthesia, paresthesia, inhibition, analgesic
analgesic
what is adaptation by the sensory receptors to various stimuli over an extended period of time (e.g. superficial hot & cold agents).
Less sensitive to stimuli.
accommodation phenomeno
true or false
evaluating pain is difficult since subjective symptom rather than an objective sign
true
are nerves that transmit impulses from the periphery to the brain Afferent (asecending) or Efferent (descending)
Afferent (ascending)
are nerves that transmit impulses from the brain to the periphery Afferent (asecending) or Efferent (descending)
Efferent (descending)
which of the following types of nerves send out non-pain impulses; A-alpha, A-beta, A-delta, C
A-alpha and A-beta
which of the following types of nerves send out pain impulses; A-alpha, A-beta, A-delta, C
A-delta and C
where do third order neurons begin
thalamus
what do descending neurons do
Transmit impulses from the brain (corticospinal tract in the cortex) to the spinal cord (lamina)
does Periaquaductal gray area release enkephalins or serotonin
enkephalins
does Nucleus raphe magnus release enkephalins or serotonin
serotonin
true or false Stimulation of the PGA in the midbrain and NRM in the pons and medulla yields analgesia
true
which of the following is responsible for the transmission of pain-producing impulse; Substance P, Acetylcholine, Erkephalins, or norepinephrine
Substance P
which of the following is responsible for transmitting motor nerve impulses; Substance P, Acetylcholine, Erkephalins, or norepinephrine
Acetylcholine
which of the following reduces pain perception by bonding to pain receptor sites; Substance P, Acetylcholine, Erkephalins, or norepinephrine
Erkephalins
which of the following causes vasoconstriction; Substance P, Acetylcholine, Erkephalins, or norepinephrine
Norepinephrine
what does endorphins do
thought to increase pain threshold by binding to receptor site
what does serotonin do
substance that causes local vasodilation and increase permeability of capillaries
what are the types of sensory receptors for mechanoreceptors
-Meissner’s corpuscles (light touch)
– Pacinian corpuscles (deep pressure)
– Merkel’s corpuscles (deep pressure)
what are the types of sensory receptors for thermoreceptors
- Krause’ end bulbs
- Ruffini corpuscles
what are the types of sensory receptors for proprioreceptors
-Muscle Spindles
– Golgi Tendon Organs
– Ruffini corpuscles
what are the types of sensory receptors for nocieptors
– Mechanosensitive – Chemosensitive
what is primary hyperalgesia due to
due to injury
what is secondary hyperalgesia due to
due to spreading of chemical mediatorrs
what is the order that information is sent to for acute pain
Nociceptor ->spinal cord -> 2nd order neuron -> thalamus
